Características agronômicas e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de feijão-comum em função de doses de selênio e enxofre

Abstract

As a high protein legume plant, the fertilization of sulfur-based common bean (S) is of great importance for its development. Selenium (Se) is considered a beneficial element to plants and has similar properties to S and can replace it in plants. However, this substitution can be detrimental to their development, yield and seed quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics and physiological quality of common bean seeds as a function of Se and S doses. The experiment was carried out in two stages. The first in a greenhouse, in which the agronomic characteristics of the common bean were evaluated, and the second in the Seed Analysis Laboratory, in which characteristics related to the physiological quality of the seeds were evaluated. The treatments were arranged in a 4x4 factorial scheme, corresponding to four Se doses (0, 0.75, 2.25 and 6.75 mg dm-3 ) as sodium selenite - Na2SeO3 (45% Se) and four doses of S (0, 35, 70 and 140 mg dm-3 ) as elemental sulfur (95% S), with four replications, in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of a 15 dm3 plastic pot containing three plants. The soil used was the eutrophic Haem Cambisol collected in the superficial layer (0-20 cm), in a natural pasture area. In isolation, both Se and S were beneficial to the agronomic characteristics of the crop, increasing its yield. For the physiological quality of seeds, Se at a dose of 2 to 3 mg dm-3 promoted an increase in physiological quality of seeds. The interaction of the elements was detrimental in both stages of the experiment, harming the agronomic characteristics of the bean and reducing the physiological quality of the seeds.