Profissão docente: desvelando a legislação educacional de Minas Gerais para compreender o magistério primário (1906 – 1927)

Abstract

The present work analyzes the educational legislation - Decrees, Laws, Regulations and Programs of teaching - approved in Minas Gerais during the Old Republic (1906 - 1927).The study it considers initially 1906 analyzing the reform that created the school groups in Minas Gerais and finishes considering the reform it education carried through in the State with the supervision of Francisco Campos, in 1927. The discussion detaches as the government, by means of the educational legislation, proposed specific guidelines for primary teaching in order to make the teacher an agent of production and reproduction of assumptions of civilization, progress and modernity, as desired in the republican period. For this, they are presented, specifically from the legislation and of messages of the miner‟s presidents, some criteria of access, rights and duties, as well as the penalties applied for those that transgressed the prescribed one. I evidenced that economic aspects and politicians had been limiting of the mining society at the beginning of century XX (1906 - 1927), this from influences of the emergent capitalism, estimated hygienists, the nationalism and the scientific rationality. Aspects also have regularly taken place during the criteria of access, rights and duties, and penalties for teachers. Specifically, it was noted that, in this period, occurred on a priority basis, the defense of three conditions of access and classification: to be normal, gazetted and woman. Briefly, through the legislation were perceived changes and continuities in the project of society, of the school and, specifically, in the history of the teaching profession in the State of Minas Gerais.