O clima nas plantações: velhas e novas dinâmicas de expansão da monocultura de eucalipto para produção de carvão vegetal em Minas Gerais

Abstract

The catastrophic environmental disaster and the consolidation of the perception of scarcity of natural resources have led to international bodies to intervene mainly in the industrial sector in an attempt to contain the advancement and proliferation of environmental impacts. Such impacts, caused by the industrial revolution, triggered irreversible consequences for the environment and those who depend on that environment to survive. In this scenario, with the advent of environmental discourses and debates, there are certifications and investments in clean technologies, instruments considered capable of containing and assessing industrial processes, providing the business sector a difference in your brand, turning the green seal in its advertising page. The paradox around this discourse has raised doubts as to its real purpose, since both these mechanisms has served as a control measure and ensure compliance with environmental standards, but also has become a marketing tool used by the forestry sector, and not demonstrate a difference in their practice in their actions and certified company. From this broad field of analysis, this study aims to analyze the effects on local communities in implementation of monoculture eucalyptus plantations in two cases of expansion of these plantations, namely in the area and non-certified eucalyptus plantation area with environmental certification and projects in the context of Clean Development Mechanisms - CDM, exemplified by the analysis of communities Canabrava, Vereda Funda and São José do Buriti. Thus the proposed methodology lies in: literature, documentary analysis, historical survey of the local context through semi-structured interviews with residents of these communities exploring the qualitative aspect, it is also proposed comparative analysis relying on to point out differences and similarities that we can reflect on the processes of appropriation of resources by the companies of eucalyptus plantations and the conception of what is truly ecological sustainability. The results reveal the different strategies used by the sector of activity of eucalyptus monoculture, unlike the social responsibility and environmental protection proposed by the certifying agencies to provide the green stamps, has complied with its assumptions of environmental sustainability and social justice. The existing power relations in this field, as well as the rationality corporate monoculture undertake to guarantee and respect the different forms of agri-environmental management systems. Thus, populations that have the opposite logic resource exploitation for profit, have kept out of policy decisions regarding the use and ownership of their territories, for an arbitrary manner have lost their lands in favor of large agricultural projects.