Envelhecimento populacional e morbidade de idosos no Brasil: uma avaliação do impacto de indicadores socioeconômicos à luz das peculiaridades regionais

Abstract

Population aging is a worldwide phenomenon that has been increasing. Started in developed countries, it has expanded to the world, and since the 1960s, more than half of the elderly population has lived in developing countries. In Brazil, a controversial, disparate and plural country, where historical economic and social contradictions persist, the population aging process occurs in a scenario of socioeconomic and regional disparities. The aim of this thesis is to verify if the regional peculiarities in Brazil produce different morbidity profiles of the elderly in different Brazilian regions and, to what extent, socioeconomic and health indicators impact the morbidity profile of the elderly in the country. The thesis defended is that: “the population aging in Brazil, a growing and continuous phenomenon that gives rise to public policies aimed at the elderly, occurs, in practice, in a scenario of disparities, according to regional peculiarities. The inequities in relation to socioeconomic and health indicators in the five Brazilian macro-regions produce different morbidity profiles to the disadvantage of the poorest and most vulnerable regions of the country, revealing that socioeconomic and health indicators impact the morbidity of the elderly in Brazil ”. Regarding the methodology, it is a bibliographic, descriptive and analytical study, documentary, cross-sectional and population-based. The research data source was official websites that provide data and information on the major themes discussed in this thesis, such as the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), the Atlas of Human Development in Brazil, United Nations Development Program (PNUD), the Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA), the João Pinheiro Foundation (FJP) and the Public Information System of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), especially the Hospital Information System of the SUS (SIH SUS). The historical series studied covers the period 1991-2019, and in some moments, longitudinal analyzes were also performed. As a basis for defining morbidities, the International Disease Code (CID-10) was used. The statistical technique used to measure the impact of socioeconomic and health indicators on the morbidity of the elderly in Brazil was Panel Data Analysis. As a result, the study points out that the most vulnerable socioeconomic and health indicators in the poorest regions of Brazil produce different elderly morbidity profiles in these regions, also proving that some of the main socioeconomic and health indicators have shown to impact elderly morbidity in Brazil.