Microempreendedor Individual: singularidades e ambiguidades

Abstract

With the restructuring of production, the labor market has become flexible and global. As a result of these changes emerged a structural unemployment, which contributed to the increase the informality. This study aimed to reflect about the figure of the Individual Micro entrepreneur (MEI), appearing in the Complementary Law 128/2008. This research is based on the analysis and concepts of Marxist studies of social class. To achieve this goal, besides the bibliographic sources and critical-reflective treatment, were searched secondary data, with the source of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and the Brazilian Service of Support for Micro and Small Enterprises (SEBRAE). According to the government's speech, the law is a political decision to include this segment of workers in the formal labor relations. However, the data presented by the Applied Economic Research Institute (IPEA) and SEBRAE indicate a significant number of individual micro-entrepreneurs that, before have become formal, were workers with a Record of Employment booklet. Another trend by IPEA, with the creation of MEI's policy, is the reduction of the businesses, which, before the Complementary Law 128/2018, had two or more employees in the formal or informal condition. Entrepreneurship is a valued phenomenon in today's job market, becoming new feature of capitalist productive dynamics. We also performed the categorization of individual micro-entrepreneurs, considering its diversity. Was held yet the classification of groups, considering as dependent variable the fact that MEI has employed or not. As secondary variables: sector, workplace and the relationship to be employer or not. From the categorization of the various groups that make up the MEI, it was possible to analyze them in view of social class theory of Marx. The groups were organized under these criteria and called: Liberal Professional, Small autonomous dealer, Small employer dealer, Small autonomous service provider, Small employer services provider, mixed activity (small business enterprise), autonomous industrial Small and Small industrial employer. On the other hand, Groups Professional Liberal, Small autonomous dealer, Small standalone service provider and autonomous industrial Small present the characteristic of not being employers, resembling the traditional working class. These groups don’t explore work, so don’t get the added value. Already entrepreneurs of the groups Small employer merchant, Small employer services provider, mixed activity (small business company) and Small industrial employer explore working at most one employee, acquire added value even in a limited way. Therefore resemble the capitalist class, which buys labor power, thus obtaining the surplus. That is why we believe that in order to social class theory, the MEI assumes ambiguous condition with features that approximate both the capitalist class and the working class.