Vazios urbanos e especulação imobiliária: o papel do poder público municipal em Montes Claros/MG

Abstract

The city is a field of several disputes, in which the pressure exerted on the demand and supply of services land, starting from the urbanization process, results in the intensification of the socio-spatial segregation when significant increases in the values of the earth are generated urban. The search for well-located spaces, that is, with good infrastructure and access to services, encourages owners of land not yet occupied to stock these real estates in the expectation of increasing in the future market value, a process commonly known as real estate speculation. The permanence of these unoccupied properties, called vacant land, compromises the social function of property and the city. However, there are already legal instruments at the service of the public power, capable of curbing such practice. The progressive Urban Land and Territorial Tax – IPTU in time, foreseen by the Federal Constitution of 1988, is one of these examples. The city of Montes Claros - MG shares this reality, having large voids distributed through its urban network. In observing such situation, the objective of this dissertation is to analyze real estate speculation, based on the identification of large vacant land, and the actions of the municipal public authority regarding this speculative process. To achieve this objective, we sought to theoretically subsidize the discussion, based on literature on the process of urbanization, appropriation and production of urban space by the logic of capital, as well as legislative measures used in Brazil to curb real estate speculation. In a second moment, the city of Montes Claros-MG is studied, attentive to its urban expansion process since 1970, based on data from the municipality provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - d IBGE and mapping of large vacant land, from the decade 2000 to 2018, using satellite images of high spatial resolution. Finally, an analysis was made of the Municipal Master Plan of the city under study, analysis of data related to municipal collection of undeveloped buildings and analysis of case studies referring to other cities that apply the progressive IPTU, in order to understand the advantages and disadvantages of applying this tax to limit the process of real estate speculation. It was possible to perceive the essential role of the public power for the effective fulfillment of the social function of the city, with the aid of urbanistic tools, capable of inhibiting the permanence of the vacant land, in the search to guarantee the right to the city to all and a socially urban development fair.