Desigualdades na informalidade: análise comparada das regiões brasileiras e a percepção dos trabalhadores do setor

Abstract

Brazil presents a job market marked by a heterogeneous trajectory. In the 1990s, for example, there was a disintegration process of the job market resulting from economic transformations that affected dramatically the country's workers. In the 2000s there was a reversal of this situation due to the continuous increase in the formalization in the job market. In addition to this heterogeneous trajectory, the country has significant regional disparities, especially those related to the indicators of socioeconomic development. Differentiated levels of reproduction of capital and effective institutional regulation determine the job market setting in each region of the country. The context of economic transformations and the Brazilian heterogeneity inter and intra-regional prompted the following questions: How are the informality rates in the country's job market elapsed nearly half of the second decade of this century? In more specific terms, due to the existence of significant regional and intra-regional disparities we also inquire how informality manifests itself in the mesoregion north of Minas Gerais? Thus, the study aimed to analyze the profile of the Brazilian informal job market in recent years and also informal work in Minas Gerais, highlighting the informality in a comparative base in the mesoregions of the Minas Gerais' state having as reference the North of the state. For this purpose, it was used the bibliographic research, the analysis of the PNAD 2010 and 2013 Census data and the realization of a case study of workers without a formal contract by a merchant sector of a small city from the microregion of Montes Claros -MG. It was verified that the Northeast and North regions showed the highest informality rates, in the other hand the South and Southeast had the lowest informality rates in the country. In this sector, at national level, there is a greater participation of women, black / pardos and age groups: young and old. The mesoregions of Minas Gerais also showed significant disparities in their indicators for informal work, wherein the North of the state had rates similar to those observed in the Northeast region of the country. The case study conducted in a micro-region of Montes Claros found the profile of informal workers and the existing ways of exploitation, domination and casualization based on the reports of the workers themselves.