Análise da (in)eficiência dos gastos públicos com educação no Ensino Fundamental e sua distribuição espacial nos municípios do Estado de Minas Gerais

Abstract

Assessing the quality of public spending, by the verification of its efficiency in the provision of public services, becomes increasingly relevant in the scenario of increasing population needs and scarcity of public resources. In this context, the general goal of this study is to analyze the economic allocation of public spending on education in elementary education and its spatial distribution in the municipalities of the state of Minas Gerais. To meet the proposed goal, use a non-parametric technique of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), in the first stage of the work, apply efficiency/inefficiency scores. Subsequently, the scores were analyzed for spatial analysis to verify their spatial distribution in the municipalities of Minas Gerais. The data stored in secondary technical data, for the year 2017, from the databases of the Information System on Public Budgets in Education (SIOPE), National Institute of Educational Studies and Research Anísio Teixeira (INEP) and IBGE Automatic Recovery System (SIDRA), respectively. Three models were estimated: Model 1 referring to complete elementary school; Model 2 for the first years of elementary school and Model 3 for the last years of elementary school. The results of Model 1 showed that of the 851 municipalities analyzed, 37 (4.35%) proved to be efficient in allocating educational expenditures, with no year analyzed. Of the 840 municipalities analyzed in Model 2, 50 (5.95%) were considered efficient. Finally, of the 845 municipalities in Model 3, 38 (4.50%) proved to be effective in allocating resources. Among the three models, Model 2 concentrates the largest number of efficient municipalities; although they presented the lowest amounts of public educational spending per elementary school student. Thus, it was possible to infer that provide smaller amounts of resources in education is not allowed to show the first educational results. It shows what indicates the efficiency of public spending on education and the quality of its allocation, by providing adequate services to the population, which results in an improvement in educational performance. Therefore, it is possible that public spending is considered effective using a scenario of a scarcity of resources used. In addition, it was still possible to show that in models 1, 2 and 3 there are 23 benchmark units that are distributed in the state of Minas Gerais, and are located, mainly in the mesoregions Jequitinhonha, Norte de Minas and Vale do Mucuri, in the north the capital Belo Horizonte, regions that have low rates of economic and social development. These municipalities should serve as a reference for units that are inefficient in terms of public resource management practices in education, educational performance and service provision in that area.