Agricultura familiar na mesorregião Norte de Minas: a partir dos dados do censo agropecuário 2006 e 2017

Abstract

The overarching goal of this research is to discuss the landscape of family farming in the North ern region of Minas Gerais. This discussion is based on a comparison between data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) agricultural censuses of 2006 and 2017. The study aims to comprehend the changes that occurred during this period and provide relevant information regarding the status of family farming in this region. The research methodology involves a literature review on the topic, followed by the extraction, organization, and discus sion of data pertaining to family farming in Northern Minas Gerais within the studied time frame. The methodology follows the guidelines provided by IBGE, as per Law No. 11,326. Microsoft Excel 2016 and QGIS 3.26.3 software were employed to create cartographic prod ucts. The chosen geographical area of analysis is the Northern mesoregion of Minas Gerais, located in the northern part of the state, encompassing an approximate land area of 128,602 square kilometers. Historically, geographically, and culturally, it is situated within the context of Northeast Brazil and constitutes one of the twelve mesoregions of the state of Minas Gerais, comprising 89 municipalities grouped into seven microregions: Bocaiúva, Grão Mogol, Ja naúba, Januária, Montes Claros, Pirapora, and Salinas. Between 2006 and 2017, there was a decrease in the number of family farming establishments in the analyzed region, with a 1.1% decline in percentage terms. In 2006, family farming occupied an area of 1,753,300 hectares, which increased to 1,959,544 hectares in 2017, representing an absolute growth of 206,244 hectares, or a 12% increase. Both in 2006 and 2017, it was observed that the majority of rural establishments were led by males. The data also revealed a growing use of pesticides. It is crucial to recognize and value both family farming and non-family farming, as they both play significant roles in the agricultural sector. The census proved effective in understanding the rural landscape of Northern Minas Gerais, with a focus on family farming. Family farming plays a fundamental role in food security, the preservation of traditional practices, crop diver sification, and the strengthening of rural communities. On the other hand, non-family farming, with its focus on large-scale production, can meet the increasing global demand for food. Rec ognizing and supporting these two forms of agriculture is essential for promoting sustainability and well-being in rural areas.