Implantação de sistemas de manejo de solo e água em uma microbacia do Vale do Rio Gorutuba

Abstract

This work was carried out on a farm of subsistence farmer at small watershed of the Gorutuba river in Janaúba-MG to evaluate the implantation of systems of soil and water management on a farm with emphasis on the living with the semiarid. The area was divided into four plots, native forest, control of the experimental work; pasture degraded with declivity from 10 to 20%; average third of the pasture and area with maize intercropped with cowpea. The soil samples were removed at 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depth, for physical and chemical analyses. The planialtimetric survey was also carried out in order to quantify the erosive potential of the soil by means of the universal soil loss equation- USLE, studies to assess the applied technologies, maps of agricultural potential, current use and soil. The collected data allowed to carry through a detailing of study of the farm being provided one better planning of its exploitation, making possible to indicate for the areas with bigger declivity and without potential for culture, the resetting of the natural flora concomitant keep them in isolation. The terracing was the most efficient mean for control erosion in the areas with declivity from 8 to 20%. In the areas with lesser declivity and indicated to crop, the least one of the systems of water harvest in situ or the plantation in contour line must be used. Thus, it is necessary that always searches to improve the soil covering, so that is reduced the losses by laminar erosion that currently are esteem in 104 t soil ha year.