Silicato de cálcio e magnésio na produção e nutrição mineral de atemoeira 'Gefner'

Abstract

The use of calcium and magnesium silicate in the fertilization has shown numerous benefits to plants, including increases in the productivity and resistance to pests and diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of silicon on mineral nutrition, atemoya yield and occurrence of pests in irrigated conditions. The experiment was set in the Jaíba Irrigation Perimeter in Matias Cardoso County, north of Minas Gerais. The experimental design was randomized blocks with five treatments and five replications (one plant per plot). The treatments were: control (without silicon application); 400g; 800g; 1600g e 3200g of calcium and magnesium silicate/plant. Were evaluated physical- chemical characteristics of the soil and fruits, chemical characteristics of leaves, vegetative and reproductive plant features and incidence of borer. This were submitted to analysis of variance and significant differences were identified by F test (P <0.05) and adjusted regression models. The application of increasing doses of calcium and magnesium silicate on the sandy loam soil, cultivated with atemoya 'Gefner' does not influence the levels of silicon and magnesium on the soil at the end of the harvest; provides quadratic behavior for calcium content on the soil, with the maximum point that corresponds to dose of 2.105 kg ha of calcium and magnesium silicate; it does not affect the levels of silicon, calcium and magnesium in the leaves and fruits; provides quadratic behavior for pH and potential acidity of the soil, with the maximum point to pH corresponding to dose of 2.108 kg ha¹ of calcium and magnesium silicate and minimum point for acidity corresponding to dose of 2.169 kg ha of calcium and magnesium silicate; provides quadratic behavior for base saturation, sum of bases and cation exchange capacity, with maximum points corresponding to doses ranging from 2.043 the 2.147 kg ha of calcium and magnesium silicate; it does not cause effect on vegetative and productive characteristics of plants neither on physical- chemical properties of fruit, does not influence the occurrence of fruit borer and seed borer, and visual wear of jaw incisors of the borer-fruit larvae. The atemoya is considered a plant that does not accumulate silicon.