Vulnerabilidade socioambiental a inundações na cidade de Montes ClarosMG por meio de recursos geotecnológicos

Abstract

The general objective of this research is to understand the flooding process in Montes ClarosMG, based on socio-environmental susceptibility and vulnerability. The specific objectives are: to contextualize the flooding process in the city of Montes Claros-MG; map, using geotechnological resources, the areas most susceptible to flooding in the study area; prepare a map of socio-environmental vulnerability to flooding in the city. This research is justified based on the relevance of identifying the areas most prone to the occurrence of floods in the urban area of Montes Claros-MG, understanding the high risk it represents for the population. To determine the susceptibility to flooding in the study area of this research, we chose to use multicriteria analysis, developed by Thomas L. Saaty in the 1970s and is based on the theory of multi-criteria decisions. In the context of this research, four criteria were determined: altitude, slope, land use and soil classes. The delimitation of vulnerability used data from the Demographic Census as a basis, listing 6 variables to compose the mapping model of vulnerable areas. As a result, maps of hypsometry, slope, land use and soil classes were obtained, which using the AHP method resulted in the flood susceptibility map. Census data showed different realities for each census sector in the urban perimeter, from areas with a greater concentration of elderly people and children, higher income and places with a greater presence of literate individuals. The combination of these variables resulted in the final vulnerability map, which showed that peripheral areas have the largest number of sectors with a high degree of social vulnerability. The application of the multi-criteria analysis method was satisfactory, as it presented with good accuracy areas that historically are flooded in periods of high rainfall. Vulnerability mapping, highlighting the most vulnerable areas, can serve as a basis for determining areas where a high degree of susceptibility and social vulnerability coexist. From the analysis of the most susceptible areas with the most vulnerable areas, it was possible to observe the locations with the highest degree of socio-environmental vulnerability, coexistence of a very high degree of social vulnerability and susceptibility to flooding.