Características agronômicas de bananeiras tipo Prata sob diferentes sistemas de irrigação

Abstract

Banana clones grown under different irrigation systems may differ in expression of vegetative traits and yield, even under the same culture conditions. This can result from variations in the application of water on soil between the systems that alter the distribution of roots, the diffusive flux of nutrients in the soil, nutrient content in plants, with consequent changes in plant physiology, as well as the variability between genotypes. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of 'Prata' banana in three production cycles (mother, daughter and granddaughter) under different irrigation systems in the semiarid conditions of Southwest Bahia. The used experimental design was in blocks at random with six treatments in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme: three irrigation systems (sprinkler, micro sprinkler and drip) and two cultivars genotypes ('Prata-Ana', AAB, and its cross-PA42 44, AAAB). Four replications were used, the plots in a row, with six plants, complete borders, spaced 3.0 x 2, 5 m. In agronomic evaluations carried out during the plants flowering were considered vegetative characteristics, plant height, pseudostem circumference, number of alive leaves, length and width of the third leaf, total leaf area and leaf area index. At harvest time evaluated the characteristics of yield, weight of bunch, hands and the stalk, average weight of hands, weight of the top five individual hands, number of hands per bunch, number of fruits per bunch, number of fingers per hand, weight, length, diameter and curvature index of the fruit, and also the number of alive leaves. Data were subjected to variance analysis. Significant interactions were unfolded and the averages compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. When there was no interaction, the effects of isolated factors were analyzed. The averages of the characteristics which were significant for the systems of irrigation factor were compared by Tukey test, and for the genotype one, by the F test at 5% probability. Irrigation systems have more influence on the vegetative characteristics. The 'Prata-Ana' has highest number of fruits and hands per bunch, and hybrid PA42-44 has greater weight, length and diameter of fruit. The system of drip irrigation provides lower vigour, expressed by height e circumference of pseudostem, for 'Prata banana, compared to sprinkler and micro sprinkler irrigation systems.