Avaliação da funcionalidade em idosos assistidos por equipes da estratégia saúde da família em Montes Claros/MG

Abstract

Brazil has a rapid population aging. The demographic transition changed the health profile of the population, resulting in a new concept of health focused on functional capacity. This is the main determinant of the health status of the elderly, understood as the ability to efficiently perform their basic and instrumental activities of daily living. The present study aimed to evaluate the functionality of a group of elderly people in the Family Health Strategy (FHS) of the municipality of Montes Claros, identifying factors associated with functional dependence for the population evaluated. It is an observational, transversal and analytical research. Data from randomly selected elderly among the urban teams of the FHS were evaluated. The instrument used was BOMFAQ (Brazilian Older Americans Resources and Services Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire). Data collection was performed by specially trained staff, in the homes of the elderly. Sociodemographic, economic data related to life habits, health care and morbidity, as well as Basic Daily Life Activities (ABVD) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (AIVD) were evaluated. In addition to descriptive analysis of the parameters evaluated, we evaluated the association of some characteristics of the elderly with functional dependence through the chi-square test, followed by Poisson multiple regression analysis, with robust variance for determination of Prevalence Ratios and respective Confidence Intervals of 95%. The group evaluated was 1750 elderly, with a predominance of females and schooling predominantly inferior to the full primary. The highest proportion of the population surveyed in this study was considered to be dependent for at least one daily life activity (57.0%). The proportion of mild, moderate and marked dependence was, respectively, 26.5%, 12.4% and 18.1%. The variables that were statistically associated to some level of functional dependence, after multivariate analysis were: female sex (PR = 1.19); to be 70 years of age or older (RP = 1.33,); schooling less than four years (PR = 1.19); not having a current job (PR = 1.43); not to perform regular physical activity (PR = 1.19); not walking (RP = 1.15); not listen to radio as a hobby (RP = 1.13); not having a reading habit (PR = 1.17); to present depressive symptoms (PR = 1.15); have at least one hospitalization recorded in the last six months (PR = 1.18); presented impairment of cognition (PR = 1.16); refer to insomnia (PR = 1.13); obesity (PR = 1.18); having a fall record last year (PR = 1.11); refer to cataract (PR = 1.09), spinal problems (PR = 1.19); urinary incontinence (PR = 1.25); poor circulation (PR = 1.09) and poor self-perception of health (PR = 1.22). It is concluded that there is a high proportion of elderly people living with disability. Among the associated variables, we highlight the self-reported morbidities, besides female gender, low education and variables that define less social involvement.