Instrumento de avaliação de enfermagem à pessoa acometida pela hanseníase na Atenção Primária à Saúde: construção e validação

Abstract

Leprosy is an infectious, contagious disease of chronic nature, caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin, mucous membranes, and peripheral nerves, and can lead to irreversible deformities and neural injuries. Considered a public health issue in developing countries, the disease is known for its disabling and stigmatizing characteristics. With Brazil accounting for a significant portion of cases, it is essential to understand the epidemiological and pathophysiological profiles of the disease, as well as its psychosocial impacts. As the diagnosis of leprosy is predominantly clinical and the treatment is primary level, the nursing consultation plays a crucial role in implementing care for individuals affected by the disease. This study aimed to develop and validate a data collection instrument for nursing consultations with individuals suffering from leprosy in Primary Health Care (PHC), based on Wanda de Aguiar Horta's theoretical model of Basic Human Needs. This methodological study was divided into three stages: identification of sociodemographic, clinical, and psychobiological, psychosocial, and psycho-spiritual needs; development of the instrument and content validation by experts. A scope review of the literature was conducted using databases such as Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) via PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Nursing Database (BDENF), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) to identify articles related to the topic, as well as the sociodemographic, clinical, and psychobiological, psychosocial, and psycho-spiritual needs of individuals with leprosy in PHC. Descriptors used included "Person with leprosy", "Nursing care", "Primary Health Care", and index terms suggested by the libraries. In the second stage, the Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS) was employed for the initial structuring of sociodemographic data in the instrument. Data collection included topics related to Wanda de Aguiar Horta's Basic Human Needs, such as past history and psychobiological, psychosocial, and psycho-spiritual needs. In the third phase, the validation phase, experts were selected to judge the content, objectives, and relevance of the instrument. The validation of the instrument involved evaluations based on the sections: Objectives; Structure and Presentation; and Relevance. This study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of Resolution No. 466/2012 of the National Health Council, approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the State University of Montes Claros (UNIMONTES) under opinion No. 5,408,706. Two scientific products related to the theme were developed: "Nursing Care for Individuals Affected by Leprosy in Primary Health Care: Scope Review" and "Nursing Assessment Instrument for Individuals Affected by Leprosy: Development and Validation". Through this work, it was possible to identify the importance of nursing care for leprosy patients within the context of PHC, which was a driving factor in the development of the Nursing Data Collection Instrument for Individuals Affected by Leprosy in the Context of Primary Health Care Based on Wanda de Aguiar Horta's Theory of Basic Human Needs