Síndrome de Burnout entre estudantes do ensino técnico e superior: prevalência fatores associados

Abstract

Introduction: The Burnout Syndrome presents, as a central characteristic, the depletion of all motivation and incentive of an individual, especially when he is unable to achieve the desired goals through his actions. In this sense, the relevant prevalence of this syndrome in the educational context is an important issue to be analyzed in order to understand which factors are associated with the frustrations and subsequent emotional exhaustion experienced by several students. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of Burnout Syndrome and to analyze the associated factors in both technical and higher education students at the Federal Institute in the North of Minas Gerais. Method: This is a cross-sectional and analytical research, conducted with students of integrated and higher technical courses at the Federal Institute of Northern Minas Gerais, INFMG. An online questionnaire was used to collect data via digital form – Google Forms. The dependent variable in the present study was the Burnout Syndrome, assessed using the Burnout Inventory/Student Survey (MBI-SS), adapted by Schaufeli and Martinez for the Portuguese. The independent variables were evaluated by means of a questionnaire developed by the authors themselves, encompassing demographic, educational and occupational characteristics: gender, age, place/residence, paid activity, father's and mother's schooling, period/year of study and area of studyknowledge of the course. In addition, lifestyle characteristics, socio-affective characteristics and emotional and psychic conditions were included, namely: alcohol abuse, physical activity, giving and receiving affection, having someone to talk to from the Fantastic Lifestyle questionnaire – EVF, internet addiction: the instrument used was the Internet Addiction-Test IAT, smartphone dependence: the Smartphone Addiction Inventory - SPAI-BR and the Social Addiction Scale were used. Logistic regression allowed the estimation of odds ratios (OR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI). The project was submitted to and approved by the Ethics Committee under protocol number 4,076,460. A total of 1998 students from 10 IFNMG campuses participated in the study, of which 1321 (66.1%) were from Technical Education and 677 (33.9%) from Higher Education. The age of the students in Technical Education ranged from 14 to 40 years, with a mean of 17.0 years (standard deviation, d.p=1.7) and that of the students in Higher Education varied.The prevalence of Burnout Syndrome among Technical Education students was associated with: female gender (OR=1.5; p-= 0.048), period of study; second year (OR=2.5; p- <0.001) and third year (OR=1.6; p- <0.039); rarely and almost never having someone to talk to (OR= 1.6; p- <0.008) and dependence on smartphones (OR=4.0; p-<0.001). In higher education, Burnout Syndrome was associated with age greater than or equal to the average of students (OR=0.4, p- =0.030) and dependence on smartphones (OR=4.8; p-<0,001).Conclusion: The prevalence of Burnout Syndrome in the students surveyed showed a high score. It is a problem that needs further investigation and attention by the managers of educational institutions, as well as interventions aimed at minimizing the physical and mental exhaustion of