Modelo transteórico para prática de atividade física entre adolescentes: evidências científicas, desenvolvimento e validação de jogo educativo

Abstract

The transtheoretical model on the processes of behavioral change in adolescents related to the practice of physical activity and nutrition goes through a series of stages and is influenced by different factors. It is noteworthy that adolescents have particularities in their behavior, which can have an impact on their health. The objective of this article was to identify scientific evidence on the prevalence in the stages of behavior change of the transtheoretical model for physical activity in adolescents. In the initial investigation of studies on the subject, a scientific article was prepared using the methodology of systematic review of scientific literature, carried out in the Lilacs, Medline and Bireme databases and in accordance with the methodological criteria of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta protocol. -Analyses (PRISMA). Based on the PICO strategy, the question was formulated: What is the prevalence of adolescents at each stage of behavioral change to practice physical activity according to the transtheoretical model? The search resulted in 1,150 articles, four of which made up the final sample, three of which were longitudinal studies, and one was cross-sectional. The prevalence in the early stages was high in both longitudinal and cross-sectional studies. In longitudinal research, an increase in prevalence can be observed in the preparation and action stages among individuals in the intervention groups, when compared to the control groups. The second article of this dissertation is the result of methodological, quantitative descriptive research, whose objective was to build and validate an educational game for adolescents to change behavior in physical activity and nutrition. The game's design was based on active and cooperative learning methodology, which went through four phases: planning, structuring, review and validation. The gameplay evaluation was carried out with schoolchildren aged between 14 and 16 years old. Judges from the areas of Physical Education, Nutrition, Medicine and Designer evaluated the game's content and layout. The language was considered, by the judges, appropriate for the age group and the layout was simple and objective, allowing fluidity and dynamism in the gameplay. The game cards had an overall agreement average of 0.97. The educational game was well received by the target audience. It is concluded that the game fulfilled its didactic pedagogical objective, making it possible to consider it an efficient tool in the teaching-learning process in health education. The transtheoretical model (MTT) for physical activity among adolescents proved to be effective even through the application of the didactic game. It can be seen that the MTT of behavior change related to physical activity and nutrition among adolescents is a field of study that is still little explored in national and international literature, confirming the gap to be filled with other future research. The need for future investigations with schoolchildren of other age groups is highlighted, especially within other health education contexts, such as Family Health Strategies and/or within the School Health Program.