Prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade e fatores associados entre gestantes assistidas pela estratégia de saúde da família de um município do norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Abstract

This dissertation aimed to estimate the prevalence of overweight/obesity and verify the associated factors among pregnant women assisted by Family Health Strategy teams (ESF – Estratégia Saúde da Família) from the municipality of Montes Claros, state of Minas Gerais, Brasil. This is an epidemiological, cross-sectional, quantitative and analytical study from a part of the Research titled “Estudo ALGE – Avaliação das condições de saúde das gestantes de Montes Claros-MG: estudo longitudinal,” carried out between October 2018 and November 2019, with pregnant women of the ESF in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. From these data, two main products were produced, an article and a book chapter. The article estimated the prevalence and the associated factors to overweight/obesity of 1,279 pregnant women listed at the ESF in Montes Claros between October 2018 and November 2019. The data were collected from the health units of the ESF or at the homes of the participants by a multiprofessional health team and by scientific initiation academics with in person interviews. A questionary contemplating socioeconomic and demographic characteristic; health conditions (diabetes and hypertension); obstetric characteristics (previous pregnancies and gestational age); and maternal nutritional state was used. The nutritional state of the pregnant women was evaluated based on the body mass index for the gestational age following the cutoff point of the Atalah curve. Regarding the attachment/social support, Family workings and the emotional aspects (depression and anxiety), the validated questionaries were used. Descriptive analyses were carried out by simple and relative frequencies. Then, bivariate analyses were carried out between the dependent variable and the independent ones, adopting the Poisson regression model with robust variance. The variables showing p-value ≤ 0.20 were selected for multiple analysis, in which the hierarchized Poisson regression model was used. The study followed the ethical principles of the National Health Council (CNS) Resolution No. 466/2012, and was approved by the Research Ethics Comitee (CEP/ Unimontes, No. 1.293.458). The participants or their legal responsible signed, respectively, the informed assent form and the informed consent form. Most pregnant women were from the age group of 21 to 30 years (48.7%), non-white color (88.9%) and living with the a partner (76.7%). Prevalence of overweight/obesity was 45.6% and associated with pregnant women with a partner (RP = 1.28); on the age group of 21 to 30 years (RP = 1.56) and over 30 years (RP = 2.41); with gestational diabetes (RP = 1.35) and arterial hypertension (RP = 1.42). The book chapter of the book titled “Atividade física e desfechos de saúde materna: diabetes gestacional, pré-eclâmpsia e ganho excessivo de peso.” In: Atividade Física e Gestação presented the main results related to the maternal health outcomes associated with excessive weight gain during pregnancy. In conclusion, the nutritional state of the studied pregnant women is compromised, since almost half the studied sample presented overweight/obesity. The associated Factors were related to socioeconomic and demographic (marital status and age group) characteristics, gestational diabetes and hypertension. We expect these data to subsidize prevention and gestational health promotion public strategies for women assisted at the ESF of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais.