Nível de atividade física em gestantes assistidas por equipes de Estratégia Saúde da Família: estudo epidemiológico

Abstract

Pregnancy is understood as a period of growth and development of the fetus in the woman's body. Period involving health care, such as the adoption of a healthy lifestyle. In this context, the practice of physical activity during pregnancy results in benefits for the pregnant woman and the fetus. This research aimed to evaluate factors associated with the level of physical activity of pregnant women assisted by primary health care in the city of Montes Claros - Minas Gerais - Brazil. This is an epidemiological, cross-sectional, analytical study. The population consisted of pregnant women regularly registered with the family health strategy teams in the urban area. Data collection was carried out by a previously trained team between october 2018 and november 2019. A questionnaire was used for data collection that contemplated socioeconomic, occupational, obstetric, behavioral characteristics, social aspects, health and emotional conditions. The dependent variable level of physical activity was assessed using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Pregnant Women (QAFG) in the general categories, housework, caring for people, sport and exercise, occupation and leisure. The scales "Family APGAR Scale" and "Medical Outcome Studies" were used to investigate family apgar and social support. The validated questionnaires on the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale, Brazilian State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Perceived Stress Scale, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (EAR) and Body Attitudes Questionnaire (BAQ) were used to assess maternal-fetal attachment, respectively. anxiety, stress, self-esteem and body image. Descriptive analyzes of the investigated variables were carried out through their frequency distribution. Then, bivariate analyzes were performed using the chi-square test, and variables with a significance level below 0.20 for multiple analysis were selected. The hierarchical multinomial logistic regression model was used, with variables with a significance level of 5% remaining in the final model. 1279 pregnant women participated in this study. It was found that 23.2% of pregnant women had a sedentary physical activity level, 42.8% mild, 34.0% moderate / vigorous. The results of the multiple analysis showed that the light level of physical activity was associated with the age of 21 to 30 years (OR = 1.52; p = 0.047) and up to 20 years (OR = 1.82; p = 0.018), income above two wages (OR = 2.26; p = 0.020), salaried work (OR = 1.74; p = 0.027) and maternal attachment at medium / high level (OR = 1.53; p = 0.018), while variables income from one to two minimum wages (OR = 2.53; p = 0.006), above two minimum wages (OR = 3.51; p = 0.002), wage labor (OR = 4.59; p = 0.000) and autonomous (OR = 2.44; p = 0.007), high level anxiety (OR = 2.20; p = 0.000), presence of stress symptoms (OR = 1.89; p = 0.015) and medium / high maternal attachment ( OR = 1.52; 12 p = 0.034) were associated with a moderate / vigorous level for physical activity. This study found that light physical activity is present in a representative part of pregnant women in the city of Montes Claros. Socioeconomic, occupational, emotional and social aspects, such as family income, maternal work, anxiety, maternal-fetal attachment are associated with the practice of light and moderate / vigorous physical activity. Age showed an association with the practice of light physical activity and stress with the practice of moderate / vigorous physical activity during pregnancy.