Sintomas de ansiedade e depressão em mulheres climatéricas e fatores associados

Abstract

Anxiety and depression represent importants public health problems and maybe influenced by hormonal changes in the climacteric. Thus, the study proposes to estimate the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression and associated factors in climacteric women assisted in Primary Health Care. This is a cross-sectional study with women between the ages of 40 and 65 selected by probabilistic between August 2014 and August 2015. For the date collection, the questionnaire was used structured, covering socio-demographic characteristics (age, schooling, marital status, religion), lifestyle (physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, meat consumption with fat, sleep quality), health conditions (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, heart problem, arthritis, spine problem, cancer, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, nutritional status), obstetric characteristics (number of children, age of first gestation) and climacteric profile (classification of menopause, climacteric symptoms). Anxiety was investigated using the Beck Anxiety Inventory and, for depression, the Portuguese version of the Beck Depression Inventory was used. Descriptive analyzes of the variables investigated through their frequency distribution were performed. After that, bivariate analyzes were performed, and the variables that presented a level of significance lower than 0.20 for the multiple analysis were selected. In this analysis, the hierarchical Poisson regression was used to identify factors associated with anxiety and depression symptoms with a significance level of 5%. Results: A total of 867 women were evaluated, with a general prevalence of 57.3% of anxiety symptoms and 39.1% of depressive symptoms. The variables associated with anxiety at the distal level were obtained until middle school (PR= 1.271) and elementary school (PR = 1.307); at the intermediate level, practice physical irregularly (PR = 0.08) and be sedentary (PR = 0.841), to be smoker (PR = 1.298), to have sleep disorder (PR = 1,640), to present problems in the heart (PR = 1.279) and of spine (PR = 1.292); in the proximal level, symptoms of moderate (PR = 1,714) and intense (RP = 1,882) climacteric. As for depression, they were associated, at the distal level, with middle school (PR = 1,350) and elementary school (PR = 1,708); in the intermediate level, to be smoker (PR = 1,530), to present sleep disorder (PR = 2,645) and anxiety (PR = 2,766); at the proximal level, symptoms of moderate (PR = 1,715) and intense (PR = 2,285) climacteric. Conclusion: It is concluded that there is a high prevalence of anxiety and depression in climacteric women assisted by primary care. Anxiety and depression were associated with sociodemographic, lifestyle and climacteric factors; being irregularly active, sedentary, alcoholic, presenting problems in the heart and spine have remained associated only with anxiety; depression was associated with anxiety symptoms. The diagnosis of the mental health of climacteric women assisted in Primary Care can be a preventive marker of future diseases.