Relação entre gênero, idade paterna e materna para ocorrência de fissuras labiais e/ou palatinas não sindrômicas

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the risk factors: gender, paternal and maternal age for the occurrence of the non-syndromic cleft lip or cleft palate (NSCL/P). Thus, due to the fact that cleft lip or cleft palate is relatively prevalent, as well as multifactorial etiology, and the lack of studies that investigate the etiology of non-syndromic cleft lip or cleft palate, the specific objectives of this study were: (1) determine the distribution of clefts (CP , CL, CLP) and the gender of the cleft in relation to paternal age, (2) determine the distribution of the clefts and the gender of the proband in relation to maternal age. For this a scientific study was conducted, evaluating 1,346 Brazilian children between the years 2009 and 2013 in two Brazilian reference services, accredited by the Ministry of Health, which works in multiprofessional rehabilitation of patients with craniofacial deformities. First, at Centro PróSorriso – “Centrinho” at the University of Alfenas in the state of Minas Gerais, which is linked to the Academic Hospital Alzira Vellano. Second, at the Hospital Santo Antônio in Salvador, in the state of Bahia. After statistical analysis of the database by PASW software version 19.0 (Chicago, USA), we have obtained the following results: maternal age, when analyzed in three different age groups was not considered as a risk factor for clefts. Patients with CP were analyzed separately, no association between the fathers age and the child’s gender (p=0.728) was observed, i.e. the female gender prevails among patients with CP, regardless of the father’s age. Regarding father’s age, it was observed that there is less chance of occurrence of CP when compared with CLP in fathers aged ≥40 years old (p=0.004). Nevertheless, additional studies involving different populations are needed to better understand the effects of maternal and paternal age as a risk factor for the occurrence of oral clefts.