Avaliação do uso de amoxicilina como fator de risco para a ocorrência de fissuras labiopalatinas não sindrômicas

Abstract

Cleft lip and palate are the most common cause of congenital anomalies of the face. The aim of this study was to evaluate the maternal use of amoxicillin, tobacco and alcohol as a risk factor associated with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate, and assess the risk of a family history of cleft lip and palate, as a risk factor associated with the occurrence of the malformation. As methodology, we performed a case-control, in a reference center for craniofacial deformities in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. All participants were recruited from the same institution. 1,212 were interviewed mothers, who were divided into 2 groups: (1) cases: mothers of children with cleft lip and palate (n = 606), and (2) controls: mothers of children without cleft lip and palate (n = 606). The data were stored in a database, using the statistical program SPSS, version 21.0 for Windows® . For the analysis, there was descriptive statistics, chi-square test and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval to estimate the magnitude of the risk and the values of p <0.05 were considered statistically significant. The Results showed that among 606 patients with clefts, 340 (56.10%) were born with cleft lip and palate, 157 (25.90%) with cleft lip and 109 (17.98%) with isolated cleft palate. In a universe of 1,212 mothers interviewed, 225 (18.60%) had a family history of cleft lip and palate and 975 (80.40%) had a negative family history and 12 (1.0%) did not report. In relation to maternal use of amoxicillin in a total of 1,212 mothers, 1,153 (95.10%) were evaluated and 561 (48.70%) cases and 592 (51.30%) controls. The proportion of mothers who used amoxicillin in the first trimester of pregnancy was lower in the case group (32; 5.70%) in the control group (35; 5.91%). Our results found no association between maternal use of amoxicillin during the first trimester of pregnancy and cleft lip and palate. The identification of modifiable risk factors for cleft lip and palate, as maternal use of amoxicillin is the first step towards primary prevention.