Vigilância ambulatorial de exposições acidentais a vírus transmitidos por sangue, atendidas em hospital de referência em doenças infecciosas

Abstract

This observational study was conducted among health care workers and others professionals referred to infectious diseases ambulatory for follow-up of biological risk exposures to bloodborne virus. A structured electronic medical record was developed to collect information about the first follow-up assessment after a blood or body fluids exposure from September 2008 to November 2011 assited at Eduardo de Menezes Hospital. A total of 244 biologic risk injuries was recorded, among them 194 (79.5%) were related with health care settings and 50 (20.5%) with non-occupational or community exposures of which were 76 (31.1%) nurse technicians, 42 (17.2%) hospital cleaning professionals, 22 (9%) health aides, 14 (5.7%) garbage collectors, 11 (4.5%) nurses, 9 (3.7%) phlebotomists, 8 (3.3%) dentists, 3 (1.2%) doctors and other occupations. Evidence of HBV contact was found in 19 (9.5%) of 200 tested. One healthcare worker had the anti-HCV positive and prevalence of 0.44% among persons tested. Regarding the professional category, the prevalence of contact HBV marker was highest among garbage collectors (30.8%), followed by Dentists (14.3%), hospital cleaning professionals (11.5%), and nurse technicians (11.5%). Professionals that performed invasive procedures in healthcare settings as dentists and nurse technicians as well as hospital cleaning professionals demonstrated a higher prevalence of HBV when compared with general population, but the greatest prevalence was observed among garbage collectors. Measures such as adoption of puncture resistant protective gloves and appropriate disposal policy of sharp and piercing devices in both hospital and community settings are necessary to prevent these accidents in such vulnerable groups.