Avaliação da qualidade de vida em pacientes com anemia falciforme

Abstract

The sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a genetic disease that manifests as a chronic anemia hemoptica, characterized by painful crises arising from vascular occlusion by red blood cells causing infarction in various tissues and organs and haemolytic anaemia, being the most common Brazil monogenic disease. The physical, emotional and social involvement can lead to change in quality of life (QOL) of these patients. The objectives of this study were: to evaluate the QOL of patients with SCA, characterizing this population in according to socioeconomic and clinical variables and verify the association of these factors with the QOL. A quantitative cross-sectional study was developed. The study population consisted of 60 individuals of both sex, aged between 18 and 60 years, recruited at in Hemocentro de Montes Claros da Fundação Hemominas. To evaluate the QOL, WHOQOL-bref, was used in association with a questionnaire drafted specifically to characterize the socioeconomic, demographic and clinical profile. Analysis, found an average age of 28 years, predominance of women (56.7%), unmarried (63.3%), no caucasian (56.7%), between 9 to 11 years schooling (40.1%), without health plan (86.7%), unemployed (41.6%), with household income of R$ 510.00 (31.7%). SCA was responsible for lack of jobs of 52 patients. Familial occurrence of the disease was noted in 60 patients. The WHOQOL-bref scores (0-100) for were: physical fields (56.13%), psychological fields (66.31%), social fields (75.13%) and environment fields (53.23%) and the general quality of life (questions 1 and 2) was 63.54%. It was observed that the SCA implies real prejudice and performance of daily activities, work, which causes loss in QOL, specially mainly in the physical and environment fields.