Abordagem geossistêmica da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio São Domingos/Norte de Minas Gerais

Abstract

On the world stage, there is a growing need for studies aimed at understanding the environmental issue related to natural resources. Thus, it is necessary that the studies involve the analysis of landscape elements in an integrated way, thus allowing the understanding of the geographical space under various aspects, whether physical or human, as well as in its temporal-spatial process. Thus, the São Domingos river basin is inserted, object of study of this work, in the municipality of Francisco Sá and Capitão Éneas (MG), in the Mesorregião Norte de Minas, and presents fragile environmental characteristics, mainly due to climate issues. region, which faces long periods of drought. The present work aims to analyze the geosystemic dynamics of the São Domingos River Basin and its transformations in the period from 1998 to 2018. The methodology used to reach the objective of the work consisted of bibliographic research, seeking the theoretical foundation for the foundation of studies of the Landscape, General Systems Theory, Geosystems, Watersheds. For better detail of the information, the Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing were used. For processing the information and map generations, ArcGIS 10.5 software was used, licensed by the Unimontes Geoprocessing laboratory. For the physical characterization of the basin, climatic, geological, geomorphological, pedological and vegetational aspects were analyzed and the following maps were generated: geology, hipsometry, slope, geomorphology and pedology. For the morphometric analysis we used the parameters proposed by Christofoletti (1980). For the temporal-spatial analysis of the landscape of the São Domingos river basin, land use maps were elaborated, comprising the periods of: 1988,1998, 2008, 2018.After the elaboration of these maps, fieldwork validations and integrated landscape analysis were performed, using as basin analysis the basin land use, as well as the determination of the Potential and Emerging Environmental Fragility of the basin based on the proposal. de Ross (1994). After presenting these data from the basin under study, it can be inferred that it can be considered as an area that lacks actions for the preservation of the natural resources that make up its landscape, since it has been undergoing changes that compromise its dynamic balance. beyond the availability of resources for future generations. Therefore, it is believed that this work can serve as a subsidy for the elaboration of action plans for the São Domingos river basin area, as well as for future works whose objective is the preservation of the natural resources available in the study area, as well as, for their management.