Logística de transportes e exportações de commodities agrícolas no Estado de Minas Gerais

Abstract

The dispute for more competitive spaces in global market have stimulated the State and the companies to seek strategies for management and/or operationalization of export flows, by means of specialized transport logistics services. Concerning international market, the decision taking is an important factor to ensure the competitiveness of corporations, since transport logistics has become a key and indispensable element in business activities territorial organization and in agricultural commodities segment, at Mineiro territory. The productive and commercial structures of exportable products, such as coffee, soy and sugar, which are demanded in international markets, seek specialized transport services to interconnect these markets. The general objective of this research is to analyze the spatial interactions of logistical transport services infrastructure in the movement of agro-industrial commodities exported from Minas Gerais to the global markets, considering the productive areas, customs areas and the international transport, in the period that extended from 1997 to 2018. In the methodological procedures, the research was structured in three stages: in the first stage, a subsidized literature review was carried out on authors who discuss themes and concepts related to logistics, transport, exports, commercialization and exportation networks. In the second stage, for the analysis of flows, the collection and organization of data made available by Brazilian public institutions was carried out. In the third stage, the analyzed data were presented, in the form of tables, graphs and thematic maps, with a focus on spatializing the flows of commodity exports in Minas Gerais. The text approaches the logistics applied to agricultural commodity markets in the international scenario, as well as the dynamics of agro-industrial activities in Brazil and Minas Gerais. It also discusses the organization of the agricultural production structure, transport logistics services and infrastructures in Minas Gerais that are interrelated in agricultural commodities commercialization, with an emphasis on the grain and processed products sector. The logistical network for the export of coffee, soy and sugar in Minas Gerais promoted spatial interactions in a scenario of specificities of transport infrastructure, customs facilities and global markets. In conclusion, it was observed that commodity exporting companies transport products across the national territory using the railroad mode, except for coffee that used only the road mode. In international trade, about 99% of exports of products go to the international market by sea which is the most suitable for handling with low value-added goods. The other modes were used to transport small volumes. In the flows of exported products, the ports of Santos and Vitória stood out, which concentrate just over 95% of the monetary values and in kilograms quantity which interconnect to the buyers markets of agro-industrial commodities sector of Minas Gerais entrepreneurs, who are mainly the agents located in the APEC and European Union blocks.