Sensoriamento remoto na análise de evolução do uso e cobertura do solo e impacto ecológico em veredas em unidades de conservação - APAS Rio Pandeiros, Cochá / Gibão e Parque Estadual Veredas do Peruaçu

Abstract

The Cerrado has the richest flora among the world's savannas and high levels of endemism. However, the level of deforestation is increasing year by year and conservation efforts are still timid. Conversions from natural environments to human uses are a real threat to the diverse landscape of the Cerrado. Anthropogenic activities such as agriculture, urban expansion, densification of roads and the production of coal mischaracterize the different phytophysiognomies of the Cerrado. Among the phytophysiognomies present in the biome, attention should be paid to the Veredas subsystem, this swampy savanna formation is a low-resilience ecosystem and more vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances than other Cerrado formations. Although there are laws that establish priority for the protection and conservation of Conservation Units and Footpaths, deforestation for the production of coal and the introduction of agricultural crops and pastures are constant, activities that are frequent in the North of Minas. Thus, this work analyzed, by means of remote sensing techniques, the time-space dynamics of land use and cover in three conservation units and the level of ecological impact of the Veredas contained in this space. The methodology used used the Random Forest algorithm in the Qgis software for the elaboration of land use and cover maps in the years 1984, 2001 and 2018. The level of ecological impact was given from the IIEV, a dimensionless indicator where the lower the its most severe value is the impact on the investigated ecosystem. This index was obtained by the sum of five primary indexes (Alteration Tx, FRAC, IFP, NDWI and IAF). As a result, three land use and cover maps were generated, identifying the classes of natural cover and anthropic uses. The mapping of the ecological impact level of Veredas in 2018 was generated and together the level of anthropic interference, landscape fragmentation, rate of change and function. It was found in this work that the most restrictive Conservation Units have better performance in the regeneration rates of natural vegetation. The Cerrado in the study area has its coverage area determined by the maintenance of agribusiness crops. The most impacted paths are located in regions that were cultivated in the 1984s. More than half of the paths had lost a quarter of their vegetation.