Análise da dinâmica hidroclimatológica da bacia hidrográfica do Rio das Velhas – MG no período de 1961 a 2020

Abstract

With the notorious concern related to climate change and the impacts caused by extreme weather conditions, it is essential to understand how such changes affect the dynamics of a hydrographic basin responsible for supplying a significant portion of the population. In this case, the Rio das Velhas hydrographic basin, located in the central region of Minas Gerais, with its source in the municipality of Ouro Preto, is the largest tributary in extension of the São Francisco River basin, with 761 km, from its source to its mouth, in Barra do Guaicuí, district of Várzea da Palma -MG. This work deals with a climatic analysis of the Rio das Velhas basin in the period from 1961 to 2020, starting from a bibliographic review on the concepts of geographic and urban climatology in Brazil, followed by an analysis of rainfall, thermal and flow data available within the period to highlight the hydroclimatological evolution in the basin, such as highlight periods of floods and droughts experienced during the study period, in addition to data collection from the Rio das Velhas River Basin Committee (CBH VELHAS) to answer the main questions that guide the present research: How the hydroclimatological dynamics occurs along the hydrographic basin of Rio das Velhas and how the society that depends on its water resources is organized to live with the phenomena arising from the dynamics of the river during this period. The results show that there is a decrease in the pluviometric index and an increase in the average compensated temperature over the study period in the cities analyzed, in addition to a decrease in the river flow, while intensifying the use of water to supply the cities along their route, with emphasis on the region