Dinâmica do uso da terra e fragilidade ambiental na bacia do Rio Guavinipã no Norte de Minas Gerais

Abstract

A basin is considered a landscape of substantial relevance for environmental analysis, as it is a dynamic area in ongoing change. Thus, it presents, between its natural and anthropic environments, diverse uses of land and, consequently, environmental fragilities. The object of study of this research is the Guavinipã river basin, which is part of the municipalities of Bocaiúva, Engenheiro Navarro and Francisco Dumont (MG), in the north of Minas Gerais. The aim was to analyze the dynamics of land use and land cover in the Guavinipã river basin, from 1988 to 2018, out of the systemic analysis of the landscape. The methodological procedures used were bibliographic research, the use of geotechnologies through the Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing for the mapping and processing of data on physiographic characterization, land use and environmental fragility. Photographic records were also used and field visits were carried out. From the analysis of land use in the 30-year period, it was possible to infer that the basin has undergone several changes in its uses, with the regression of natural vegetation and an increase of anthropized areas. It was found that anthropogenic action has caused an imbalance in natural environments and altered the environmental systems present in the basin. When mapping the potential environmental fragility of the basin, it was observed that, within the scope of the potential fragility, the basin has 59.5% of potential natural resources; and the emergency fragility accounts for 62% of the areas that have undergone changes from human actions, being considered fragile and conducive to environmental degradation. We therefore concluded that it is needed to rebalance the use of the natural resources of the Guavinipã river basin. Environmental preservation is a way out for the recovery of degraded and fragile areas, mainly for the recovery of degraded pastures and the regeneration of native vegetation. This research will serve as a source of data for current and future studies to propose measures and action plans for the mitigation and conservation of natural resources through environmental planning, water resources management and the Productive Environmental Zoning-PEZ.