Risco a movimentos de massa na cidade de Montes claros - MG: Estudo de caso da Vila São Francisco de Assis

Abstract

This study aimed to map the areas subject to socioenvironmental risk and vulnerability through a correlation between social vulnerability indexes and exposure to mass movement, in the Vila São Francisco de Assis, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais State. Specifically, we sought to: (a) Analyze the physical-natural environment of the study area, as well as the associated risks; (B) Identify the social vulnerability, exposure to the risks of mass movement, socio-environmental vulnerability of the study area, and (c) Characterize in map the areas of exposure to risk as an instrument that can contribute for the prevention of accidents and damage to residents. The area selected for the case study was the Vila São Francisco de Assis. The site was chosen because it presents a history of mass movement processes, in addition to presenting conditions of natural susceptibility, social vulnerability and environmental exposure to risk. We proceeded with the geomorphological (especially the morphometry) characterization of the city of Montes Claros, where it located the study area, since this is the parameter used to analyze the natural susceptibility, and it is analyzed and then traced an overview of the risks and the susceptibility to mass movements in Montes Claros. With regard to the inferences in Vila São Francisco de Assis, these were based on the elaboration of the indices: Social Vulnerability (IVS), based on the methodology applied by Macedo (2015), with 17 variables corresponding to the questionnaire applied to the along the population center of Vila São Francisco de Assis, divided into five areas of interest, considering the reports of the Municipal Coordination of Civil Defense of Montes Claros - COMDEC. They were classified into five (5) VS levels, from a weighted average. For the Mass Movements Exposure Index (IEMM), the methodology adopted by Guerra et al. (2009) was used as model, 16 variables were used that characterize the levels of conditions of exposure to mass movements in the Vila São Francisco de Assis, from a weighted average of 1 to 5. For the correlation between these two results, the map was produced of the Socio-Environmental Vulnerability Index (IVSA) of the area, also classified in five (5) levels, based on spatial correlation, cartographic overlap, using computer software ArcGIS v.10.2.1.The classes correspond to Very Low; Low; Average; High; and Very High Socio Environmental Vulnerability in Vila São Francisco de Assis. Through the theoretical conceptual-methodological framework, which resulted in the creation of thematic cartographic series that reflect the physical-natural and environmental context of the risk composition of the study area, we reached the analyzes and results of this research. It was concluded that the triggering of slope dynamics processes can cause considerable economic and human losses in Vila São Francisco de Assis, which has most of its area in High and Very High socio-environmental vulnerability to mass movements, being five (5) Large critical areas and four (4) small critical areas, with Very High IVSA, and hazards associated with mass movements. It was also identified, an extensive area, and other 22 areas of High IVSA in Vila São Francisco de Assis.