Monitoramento da floresta estacional decidual brasileira, por meio do sensoriamento remoto

Abstract

Among the many characteristics that the brazilian territory disposes, assigning a phytogeographic parameter, one precisely excel: the mentioned country contemplates the second biggest forest resource of the planet, responding for a little bit more than 10% of the total amount of global forest resources. However, such attribution becomes target of attention when one is aware that the referred country presents clear leading in the global quantum of forest loss, putting itself in the central position of phytogeographic discussion. In that scenario, the Deciduous Seasonal Forests(DSF) perform in the official Classification System of Brazilian Vegetation of the Country (IBGE) as the second forest type less expressive in the Brazilian territory. In this way, the aforementioned forest kind is going to be the analysis target in the sphere of this research, given mainly its singular characteristics. Truly, the DSF is distributed in the Brazilian territory over disjunctions form and comparatively to the other Brazil forest formations, the over mentioned vegetation type is situated mostly in not forested biomes, just as Savannas and Scrublands. Such fact must be considered, once that whatever legislations directed to its conservation pass directly by its preliminary identification. Nevertheless, the above prerequisite presents itself notoriously as a challenge, justified mainly for much commonly the Deciduous Seasonal Forests to be classified improperly as other vegetation types. This particular fact derives certainly as how DSF are interpreted. Therefore, considering respectively the information presented, the current research is arranged over the idea of achieving two specific aims. The first one presents as background the 11.428 legislation of 2006, in which dispose about the utility and conservation of the Atlantic Forest native vegetation, including thus the DSF areas. In this context, considering the fact that the aforementioned legislation to have application in the areas identified by the IBGE vegetation mapping (1:5.000.000), it will be developed analysis of cartographic nature, with view to identify the inconsistencies of the IBGE mapping, when equated to the land use land cover mapping evaluated through the MOD13Q1 product of TERRA platform (MODIS sensor). The prescribed analysis is directed mainly by the fact that any inconsistency detected result in direct consequences over the effective validity of 11.428/2006 legislation, in which possesses relevant influence over the DSF areas maintenance. Of other form, it will be secondary aim of this research, although with same importance, the land cover land use monitoring for the years of 2007 and 2016 of the continuous area which extend since North of Minas Gerais until Piauí South. Such analysis justify itself by the fact that approximately 50% of Brazilian DSF to be circumscribed in this territory section, making possible through the proposed analysis to assess the current situation of great percentage of Brazilian deciduous forests, as well as to verify the main agents that act over the loss and gain. Indirectly, this last analysis is going to permit to list, even in preliminary way, some difficulties associated to the identification process of the aforesaid forest formation. So that such aims to be achieved, it will be employed in the scope of this research the MOD13Q1 product of TERRA satellite, mostly by its temporal resolution and processing level. All operational proceedings, in terms of GIS/IDP, will be developed in ArcGIS 10.2.1 and ENVI 5.3 softwares, considering mainly its pertinency for the proposed presented.