O estilo de vida e suas repercussões na qualidade de vida profissional do profissional de saúde

Abstract

LS is defined as a modifiable behavior pattern that can cause a profound effect on population health, as it relates to the choice of attitudes, values and diverse behaviors. If healthy bring health benefits, considered protective factors of physical and mental health. To measure it, Mc Master University in Canada has developed the tool called Fantastic Lifestyle (FLS), which enables the evaluation and classification of the individual in one of five categories: excellent, very good, good, regular and needs to improve. Some factors promote the illness of the professional, which may be related to the formatting of the work, as well as the relationship with the patient, with high possibility of physical, emotional or social impact. These factors encompass the concept of Professional Quality of Life (PQL), which integrates two aspects: the positive, experienced by the joy in helping someone, Compassion Satisfaction (CS); and the negative, translated by feelings of emotional exhaustion and frustration with work, which is called Compassion Fatigue (CF). CF is a syndrome of exhaustion that can affect individuals who provide direct care to people, with chronic fading of care and concern for the other due to excessive use of the feeling of compassion, being established by three dimensions: Burnout (BO) and secondary traumatic stress (STS) elevated, associated with low CS. The aim of this study was to evaluate lifestyle and its relationship with the quality of professional life in health professionals in the northern region of Minas Gerais - Brazil. This is a cross-sectional analytical study with 490 health professionals working in oncology services, hemodialysis clinics, emergency room and neonatal Intensive Care Unit (ICU), being study subjects, nurses, nursing technicians and auxiliaries, physicians and professionals from other areas. Two instruments were applied, the Fantastic Lifestyle (FLS) and the Professional Quality of Life 5 (ProQoL 5). Of the 490 participants, the majority were female (66%), married (61.8%) and with children (64%), with a mean age of 35.9 years. The professional profile showed 66.3% were nursing technicians and/or auxiliaries, 15.6% nurses, 8.7% physicians and 9.4% were professionals from other areas. As for the LS domains, the overall mean was 73.5 with a standard deviation of 10.9. The dimensions of the LS were distributed unequally, with the best scores in the dimensions of alcohol, cigarettes and drugs and satisfaction with work, and low scores (less than 60%) in the dimensions physical activity, nutrition and type of behavior. The PQL is shown to be affected by LS, and in professionals who adopt a good/very good/excellent LS, CS is higher and Burnout and Secondary Traumatic Stress lower. It was possible to consider LS as another protective factor in occupational illness in health professionals, leveraging the need to consider the adoption of satisfactory LS as strategies for promoting physical and mental health, as a way to prevent occupational stress and increase the satisfaction of assisting the patient.