Fatores associados à qualidade de vida entre gestantes na Atenção Primária: estudo de base populacional

Abstract

Pregnancy is a time of changes in a woman's life that can impact her quality of life. Assessing the factors that can modify it can represent a significant step in women's health care. Results of previous studies suggest that factors such as sociodemographic profile, social support and depressive symptoms may interfere with the quality of life of pregnant women. The main objective of this dissertation was to verify the factors associated with quality of life among pregnant women registered in the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in the city of Montes Claros - MG. This is an epidemiological study with a cross-sectional design. 1279 pregnant women registered in the FHS of the urban area of the Municipality of Montes Claros were part of the research. Data collection took place from September 2018 to December 2019. The dependent variable adopted was Quality of Life (QOL). QOL was assessed using the Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Index adapted for pregnant women (IQVFP) in 2009. The independent variables were: sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics, social support verified by the Medical Outcome Studies (MOS) scale and depressive symptoms measured using the Population Tracking for Depression scale of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale - CES-D ). Descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed. Those variables that presented p≤0.20 were included in the multiple model (Poisson), the Prevalence Ratio (PR), 95% confidence interval and descriptive level were estimated. Of the pregnant women interviewed, most of them (82%) perceived high social support; 25.5% had severe depressive symptoms, 12.9% moderate symptoms and 61.5% were considered to be without depression. Regarding the general QOL index, an average of 24.55 was indicated, with more than half of the pregnant women (58.7%) presenting a general QOL index above the average. Sociodemographic characteristics such as being a wage earner (PR = 1.07) or working on your own (PR = 1.09) and not being studying when you became pregnant (PR = 1.07) were associated with a higher QOL. Women who perceived a high social support (PR = 1.16) and with moderate depressive symptoms (PR = 1.11) or without the possibility of depression (PR= 1.32) were also associated with a higher QOL. This study showed the influence of sociodemographic factors, social support and depressive symptoms on the QoL of pregnant women. The findings suggest that the assessment of these factors is part of the routine of monitoring pregnant women.