Prevalência e fatores associados a hipertensão arterial entre profissionais de saúde que lidam com pacientes críticos e crônicos em ambientes hospitalares

Abstract

Arterial hypertension is a serious global public health problem, of slow and asymptomatic course, of high prevalence, in addition to being an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Several factors are associated with its development, such as poor diet, physical inactivity and obesity. However, labor factors such as stress and night work have also been implicated in the etiology of hypertension. This research aimed to estimate the prevalence of arterial hypertension among health professionals who work with critical and chronic patients. This is an epidemiological, cross-sectional, analytical and quantitative study. The population consisted of health professionals from the macro-regional North of Minas Gerais from the hemodialysis, oncology, emergency room and intensive care services. Data collection was carried out from January 2017 to April 2018. For this collection, a self-administered questionnaire was used, containing 337 questions, anthropometric data measurement and venous blood collection. The dependent variable in this study (blood pressure) was categorized as normal, pre-hypertension and hypertension. A descriptive analysis of the investigated variables was carried out through their frequency distribution. Then, a bivariate analysis was performed using the Chi-square test and variables with a significance level lower than 0.25 for multiple analysis were selected, with a significance level of 5%. For multiple analysis, the multinomial logistic regression model was used. 490 professionals participated in this study. There was a prevalence of 21.8% of arterial hypertension, associated with the following variables after multiple analysis: male gender (OR = 3.1; CI: 1.9-5.1) and age (OR = 2 , 6; CI: 1.3-5.0), at an intermediate level, open employment (OR = 2.3; CI: 1.1-4.7) and use of continuous medication (OR = 2.7; CI: 1.5-5.0) and proximal level overweight and obesity (OR = 3.1; CI: 1.6-6.1 and OR = 8.3; CI: 3.8-18.1, respectively). It is hoped that the results obtained through this study can encourage the implementation of health policies that encourage changes within and outside the work environment, with a greater focus on prevention and health promotion of professionals.