Práticas de biossegurança entre profissionais de saúde atuantes na assistência ao paciente com COVID - 19: desenvolvimento de um instrumento de avaliação

Abstract

This dissertation arose from the imminent need to know the various variables that interfere in the practices of biosafety work activities by health professionals who work in the care of patients with COVID-19. Objective: Develop and validate a biosafety instrument to determine adherence to biosafety practices by health workers in the care of patients with COVID-19. Method: Methodological study, with a quantitative and qualitative approach, using the Delphi technique for the content validation stage. Being developed in three stages: I) Elaboration of the instrument, selecting the items to compose the dimensions that represent the construct that you want to measure, which are the biosafety practices by health workers, based on literature reviews; II) Validation of content and apparent (face), with the instrument developed, it sought to analyze the content validity, calculating the Concordance Index (CI) for the dimensions and the Content Validity Index (CVI) for the items of the instrument, with criteria of relevance, scope and comprehensibility. Face validity measured the instrument in terms of its appearance, using the criterion of comprehensibility and calculating the CVI. At this stage, the Delphi technique was used, in which the researcher appealed to the opinion of the judges in two stages.After obtaining the validated version of the instrument, it was applied to the target audience, in this case, health professionals to assess whether it is understandable to the target population.III) The analysis of reliability was analyzed regarding aspects of internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha and temporal stability, which tested its reproducibility, through test-retest in the target population, in order to calculate the Kappa coefficient. Results: The instrument was built with 40 items in 05 dimensions. The items that evaluated the general appearance of the instrument obtained CVI≥0.90; its dimensions reached a CI among the judges of ≥ 90%, and the calculation of the CVI for the items resulted in 15 items that obtained CVI < 0.90, and a qualitative analysis of these items was carried out, based on the suggestions recorded by the judges in the evaluation of the instrument.After this qualitative analysis, 08 items were excluded, 07 reformulated and forwarded for a new judgment, using the Delphi technique, after a new CVI calculation, all obtained CVI≥ 0.90.The validated instrument resulted in 32 items, being applied to the target audience that did not mention difficulties in understanding the instrument.The reliability tested by Cronbach's α=0.91, shows an excellent internal consistency. And the kappa test denotes that there is a reliability for all items, which ranged from strong (k=0.745) to almost perfect (k=0.917); p<0.001; there was agreement ranging from 76.7% to 98.3%. Conclusion: After the elaboration of the instrument, it was submitted to statistical tests, whose results prove that this instrument is considered valid and reliable, being therefore recommended to measure the variables that define the behavior of biosafety among health workers in assistance to the patient with COVID-19.