Prevalência de dislipidemia em adolescentes da rede pública de ensino estadual da cidade de Montes Claros – M

Abstract

Dyslipidemia is characterized by changes in serum lipid levels found in the blood. It is a lipoprotein-metabolism disorder of genetic or multifactorial nature, whose main factors comprise inadequate eating habits and physical inactivity. Dyslipidemia has been continuously diagnosed in adolescents. It is closely related to the atherogenic process and to the increased possibility of having adverse cardiovascular events. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the prevalence of dyslipidemia in adolescents enrolled in schools belonging to the state public education system in Montes Claros County – MG, as well as to investigate its associated factors. Thus, two studies were herein conducted: Study 1 - Aims: evaluating the prevalence of dyslipidemia in adolescents enrolled in schools belonging to the state public education system in Montes Claros County - Minas Gerais State; and compare it to the prevalence recorded in a Brazilian population-based study. Methods: epidemiological, cross-sectional and analytical study comprising 77,833 students enrolled in 63 schools distributed in four geographic regions of Montes Claros County. Information about 635 adolescents (10-to-16 years old) were analyzed after the sample was calculated. Blood samples were collected from participants to allow analyzing biochemical parameters such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c, and HDL-c. Results: 26.8% of the adolescents presented high total cholesterol levels, 15.7% recorded high triglycerides, 6.5% presented high LDL-c, and 40.8% showed low HDL-c levels. Conclusion: the means and prevalence of dyslipidemia investigated in adolescents living in Montes Claros County (MG) were above the values evidenced in the Brazilian population-based study used as parameter, except for HDL-c. Study 2 - Aim: evaluating the risk and protective factors associated with dyslipidemia in adolescents. Methods: The study population comprised 77,833 students representing four demographic regions of Montes Claros County (MG), whereas the final sample encompassed 635 adolescents in the age group 10 to 16 years. Socio demographic, biological, behavioral and family history variables were collected and analyzed, as well as metabolic parameters such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and low-density (LDL-c) cholesterol. Data were analyzed through the association between variables, based on the Poisson regression model with robust variance, as well as through crude and adjusted prevalence ratio estimates. Results: The female sex (p-0.008) and the age group 10-11/12-13 years (p-0.008 and p-0.035) presented changes related to mixed hyperlipidemia. Overweight was associated with changes in TG (p-0.000) and with low HDL-c (p-0.000). Family history of dyslipidemia showed association (p-0.016) with unwanted LDL-c. Sexual maturation was associated (as protective factor) with hypertriglyceridemia development (p-0.001), whereas the female sex was associated (as protective factor) with low HDL-c. Conclusion: The identification of the herein presented frequencies and factors is a potential tool capable of supporting the development and implementation of public policies based on preventive measures and on adolescent health promotion.