Análise relacional entre os determinantes da adiposidade e do nível de atividade física em adultos da cidade de Montes Claros, MG: estudo de base populacional

Abstract

Non communicable chronic diseases (NCCD) are a global public health problem and they significantly help the increase of morbimortality. Amongst the risk factors for the NCCD, the overweight and sedentariness are highlighted. This thesis had the goal to verify the interrelationships among the determinants of adiposity and the physical activity practice in adults. In this sense, three studies were conducted. Study 1: Aims in describing the field experience in the use of address registering of the randomly chosen sectors in a population based study. The data gathering process was done in two stages. In the first stage, a random choice of census and home address sectors using the register of addresses of the IBGE of the 2010 census. In the second stage, an evaluation of the checking of the field was done. In this process of the 50 sectors of the census, referring to the house address out of the address list, 56% of the sectors did not present addresses out of the address list; 40% presented home address out of the address list and 4% of the sectors were not checked. Also 44 sectors presented a percentage relating to the IBGE over 90%. Study 2: Aims to estimate the effects of the socioeconomic level, age, body fat and depression symptoms in the physical activity level among adults. It is a cross-sectional study done with 808 people (age ≥18). The way how the direct and indirect effects of the socioeconomic level, age, body fat and depression symptoms influenced the total physical activity were analyzed using the path analysis technique. The direct negative effect and the age significant were observed (β=-0,11; p<0,004) on the levels of physical activity. The age (β=0,28; p<0,001) influenced the body fat with a positive and significant effect. The symptoms of depression were influenced negatively by the socioeconomic level (β=-0,13; p<0,001) and positively by the age (β=0,24; p<0,001) and the body fat (β=0,17; p<0,004). Study 3: Aims to evaluate the interrelationships among adiposity, socioeconomic characteristics, age and lifestyle in a population of Brazilian adults. A cross-sectional population-based study on people over 18 was done. A structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the influence of age, socioeconomic condition, practice of physical activity and eating habits (independent variables) in adiposity (main outcome). It was observed that age showed a positive and significant effect on adiposity (β=0,41; p=0,001) and the eating habits (β=0,36; p< 0,001) and a negative and significant effect on physical activity (β=-0,24; p<0,001). A direct and positive relation of the socioeconomic condition on the eating habits was verified (β=0,49; p <0,001), and of the physical activity on the eating habits (β=0,32; p=0,002). Conclusion: In relation to the field experience, the findings presented that the use of the address register on the census sectors of the IBGE can be recommended for population based studies. As to the interrelationships among the determinants of adiposity and the level of physical activity, a significant association of the variables of the model with each other was found, with age advancement being the factor that contributed the most to the increase in adiposity and the reduction of physical activity practice.