Excesso de peso corporal e qualidade de vida em adolescentes da rede pública de ensino

Abstract

This research aimed to verify excess body weight, quality of life and associated factors in adolescents from public education in the city of Montes Claros - MG. An epidemiological, transversal and analytical approach was used. Data were obtained from 635 adolescents after the sample calculation, of a total population of 77,833 adolescents from state public schools. These were of both sexes, aged between 10 and 16 years, of the four geographic regions (north, south, east and west) of said city. Adolescents were classified as being overweight (EPC), according to World Health Organization parameters, for sex and age. To evaluate the health related quality of life of adolescents, the KIDSCREEN-27 questionnaire was used. Three studies were conducted. Study 1: It aimed to verify the prevalence of CHD in adolescents and associated factors. Demographic, family history, clinical and behavioral data were collected. The adolescents were classified according to nutritional status by weight. The hierarchical multiple Poisson regression was used. The prevalence of CLD among adolescents was 32.8% and was positively associated with family history of dyslipidemia (p = 0.003, RP = 1.474, 95% CI = 1.139-1.907) and alcohol intake (p = 0.044, PR = 1.430; 95% CI = 1.009-2.028). Study 2: Objective to estimate the psychometric properties of KIDSCREEN-27 in adolescents. The validity of the construct and the reliability were evaluated. The construct validity, in general, presented satisfactory results: factorial loads > 0.4; (χ 2 / df = 2.48, CFI = 0.913, GFI = 0.920, TLI = 0.901, RMSEA = 0.048). Statistically significant differences were verified for the dimensions "Social support and peer group and" School environment ". Most of the dimensions of KIDSCREEN-27 were well discriminated against each other. Reliability showed adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's α of 0.71 to 0.79) in all dimensions. Study 3: This study aimed to analyze the effects of adiposity on adolescents' quality of life, mediated by associated factors. Anthropometric data were collected, physical activity, inadequate eating habits, body image and quality of life of adolescents. Modeling with structural equations was performed. The following variables were treated as a construct: adiposity and inadequate eating habits. The exploratory variables were physical activity and body image; and the outcome variable, quality of life. The total effect of physical activity-mediated adiposity on quality of life was positive and significant (β = 0.213; p <0.05), in contrast to the overall effect mediated by inappropriate eating habits on quality of life, which was negative and significant (β = -0.150, p <0.05). The direct effect of physical activity on quality of life was positive and significant (β = 0.209, p <0.001), unlike the effect of inappropriate eating habits, which was negative and significant (β = -0.174, p = 0.006). Conclusions: Regarding the prevalence of CLD, it was verified that they are influenced by the family history of dyslipidemia and alcohol intake of adolescents. In the analysis of the psychometric properties of KIDSCREEN-27, it was found that, in general, they were adequate for this sample of adolescents, and should also be evaluated in different contexts in Brazil. As for the effects of factors on adiposity-mediated adolescents 'quality of life, adiposity, physical activity and inadequate eating habits, in general, had small effects on adolescents' quality of life.