Avaliação da performance de têxteis funcionalizados com óleo essencial de Varronia curassavica Jacq. no tratamento de feridas exicisionais em modelo animal.

Abstract

The wound healing is a biological process by which the tissues continuity, morphology and function are restored after damage. Currently, the search for low-cost and less invasive therapeutic products to be used in the wounds treatment is growing. In this context, the textiles are considered potential alternative dressings to be applied in healing processes, which is strengthened by the versatility of new technologies applied to these products. The use of plants extracts comprise a good example of alternatives extensively used, as natural products usually have less side effects as compared to traditional drugs, and are also more easily obtained by the population. Varronia curassavica Jacq, an important plant species, has been studied and used by the population for anti inflammatory and healing purposes. Thus, the present study present a critical review of the literature on the textiles influence in the wound healing process, as well as these products availability in the market. Additionally, describes the effects of natural and artificial fabrics functionalized with V. curassavica e in the healing process of induced excisional wounds in mice. The literature review was performed in the following scientific databases: Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, in addition to secondary sources. The historical context of the textiles use in wounds, their general characteristics, particularities in the healing process, and incorporation of new technologies, are discussed in the present review. It was evidenced that the textiles and associated technologies might influence directly or indirectly in the stimulation of collagen, cell migration, angiogenesis, reduction of pro-inflammatory factors and fibroblasts. Next, the V. curassavica e essential oil was applied on a textile and tested as dressing for excisional cutaneous wound in mice. C57BL/6 male mice were treated as follows: Polylactic acid fiber (PLA); PLA+ V. curassavica oil; Cotton (CO), and CO + V. curassavica oil. The wound closure kinetics, histological analysis, and fibronectin mRNA expression were evaluated after 3, 5, 7 and 14 days of treatment. It was verified that the skin wounds treated with functionalized fabrics had their healing process accelerated, with a proper wound healing resolution, normal granulation tissue architecture and cell infiltrate, a lower amount of mastocytes, a higher collagen deposition, and increased fibronectin mRNA expression levels. In summary, we report for the first time that the PLA accelerates the wound healing process, effect potentialized by the V. curassavica essential oil. These findings point to the PLA+oil as an important alternative therapeutic approach to the wound healing treatment. In summary, it is concluded that the textiles have a direct influence in the healing process, as certified in the literature, and corroborated by the reported in vivo experiments. Furthemore, the use of V. curassavica essential oil associated to textiles may potentialize these products benefits.