Fatores clínicos, antropométricos e sociodemográficos associados ao perfil lipídico de adultos residentes em uma área urbana: um estudo de base populacional

Abstract

Dyslipidemia is a metabolic and multifactorial disorder characterized by increased levels of low-density lipoprotein, reduction of high-density lipoprotein levels, and / or increased levels of triglycerides. Lipid changes have become a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, especially in developing countries. This work aimed to investigate the association between the lipid profile, including the TG / HDL-c ratio with the different socioeconomic and educational strata in an adult population. The study was a cross-sectional, population-based study conducted at a University Hospital of the Federal University of Espirito Santo. The data are part of the Study of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the city of Vitória, where the WHO Project on Monitoring Trends and Determinants of Morbidity and Mortality was developed in 32 collaborating centers of 21 countries. The sampling plan was composed of 1,662 individuals between 25 and 64 years old, of both sexes. Lipid profile, anthropometric measurements, and blood pressure were assessed according to the technical standards of the participating institution's laboratory. All ethical precepts were obeyed during the study. Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation for categorical variables, or as frequency and percentage for dichotomous variables. The overall adequacy of the Gaussian distribution was assessed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Student's t-test or Tukey's post-hoc variance analysis were used to evaluate differences between two or more means, respectively. A covariance analysis was used to test the association between blood lipids within the socioeconomic and educational strata. The proportions were compared using the chi-square test. A multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between the socioeconomic level and the number of altered lipid variables in men and women, after appropriate adjustments. Statistical significance was set at p <0.05. The results showed that when the lipid profile was evaluated in relation to the socioeconomic class, different patterns were observed between men and women. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in men increases as they migrate from the lower socioeconomic and educational classes to the higher ones. However, in women, switching from lower to higher education levels reduces the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia. The results of the association of TG / HDL-c ratio and body mass index show that both male and female sexes have shown a positive association, also the individual classified as obese has the highest TG / HDL-c ratio when compared to the others. The higher the BMI and the waist circumference, the higher the TG / HDL-c ratio found. Those who were in the highest quartile, where the values for the TG / HDL-c ratio were higher, a positive association was observed for the obesity, hypertension and diabetes comorbidities. The advancement of age brings with it a greater predisposition for dyslipidemias. Therefore, the evaluation of the lipid profile and the TG / HDL-c ratio is a relevant tool in health actions aimed at prevention, control and treatment of dyslipidemias.