Prevalência e fatores associados à sífilis em gestantes atendidas na atenção primária à saúde de um município do sudeste do Brasil

Abstract

The knowledge and understanding of the epidemiology of syphilis and its risk factors are important to enhance education and prevention measures in the most vulnerable groups, the evaluation of actions to reduce the vertical transmission of syphilis, and the organization of the system and services of health. In this context, this study sought to assess the prevalence and factors associated with acquired syphilis in pregnant women attended at the Family Health Strategies (FHS) in Montes Claros MG, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study carried out with pregnant women enrolled in the FHS teams in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil (2018-2019). Sociodemographic, behavioral and obstetric factors were collected through a questionnaire applied by interview. The result of the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) examination was evaluated. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with syphilis in pregnancy. The prevalence of syphilis found was 1.7% (CI= 1.44-1.96). Pregnant women with high school had 75% (OR = 0.25-CI 95% = 0.08-0.81) less chance of having syphilis, when compared to pregnant women with elementary school. Pregnant women who used illicit drugs during pregnancy (OR = 16.35 - CI 95% = 3. 81-70.20) and consumed alcoholic beverages during pregnancy (OR = 3.47 - CI 95% = 1.02-11.82) were more likely to have the disease. Schooling, consumption of alcohol and illicit drugs are associated with the diagnosis of syphilis in pregnant women. Therefore, educational programs and interventions are needed to address issues related to prevention, diagnosis, treatment and their risk factors, especially social determinants and women's reproductive health issues.