Viabilidade econômica de vacas leiteiras F1 Holandês x Zebu de diferentes bases maternas e ordens de parto

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic viability of F1 Holstein x Zebu cows from different maternal bases and the order of delivery considering their productive and reproductive characteristics. Data from the zootechnical records of the Experimental Field of Felixlândia (CEFX) belonging to EPAMIG, located in the city of Felixlândia-MG, central region of the state. The objectives of the system employed in the CEFX are, the production of milk and calves for sale, and the formation of quality pastures for feeding the herd during the year. 406 lactations were analyzed, of which 152 lactating cows F1 Holstein x Gir, 124 F1 Holstein x Nelogir and 130 Holstein x Nelore, and four birth orders, the latter being considered four orders or more. The costs and income were calculated from the zootechnical deeds. The costs were divided into effective operating cost (COE), total operating cost (TOC), and total cost (TC). The revenue came from the sale of milk and calves. The effects of maternal base and birth order on productive, reproductive and economic performance were evaluated. The variables of productive and reproductive performance were weight of cows at calving, weight of calves at weaning, percentage of fertility, duration of lactation, and economic performance data were individual costs, income (RT) and profit (L), which were submitted to analysis of variance and when significant differences were detected, in the absence of interactions, the means were compared by the Student-Newman Keuls test at 5% probability. In the presence of interaction, this was decomposed and then compared by means of the test. The F1 Holstein x Gir cows had the highest average production, 3206.02 liters, followed by the F1 Holstein x Nelogir cows with a mean of 2887.62 liters, which in turn was higher than the average of the F1 Holstein x Nellore with 2452,31 liters of average. For the total cost of food, the F1 Holstein x Nellore obtained a lower feed cost about R $ 1693.95; already the mother base F1 Holstein x Nelogir and F1 Holstein x Gir were similar among themselves, with costs of R $ 1895,92 and R $ 1929,82 respectively. For the total cost, the base F1 Holstein x Gir cows had mean costs of R $ 3582.30, followed by the Holstein F1 cows x Nelogir R $ 3448.06; which in turn had average costs higher than the Holstein F1 x Nellore cows with R $ 3145.07. The mean total income was higher for the animals of the groups F1 Holstein x Gir and F1 Holstein x Nelogir with revenue values of R $ 4394.96 and R $ 4245.61 respectively, and the lowest value was of R $ 3976.12 for F1 Holstein x Nellore. Profit was R$ 797.54; 812, 65 and 831.04 for the Holstein F1 base animals Nelogir, F1 Holstein x Gir and F1 Holstein x Nellore, respectively. All genetic groups are economically viable and can be used in the integrated milk and calf production system for sale. All F1 Holstein x Zebu birth orders studied are economically viable. In Holstein F1 herd Zebu, the income from the sale of calves is fundamental to the success of the activity.