Imperialismo e seus instrumentos: Salazarismo e Lusotropicalismo, e a insurreição de Amílcar Cabral (1954-1961)

Abstract

The colonization of Africa in the late 19th century by European countries was a milestone in the history of the peoples who inhabited the conquered areas. This contact, mediated by violence, created a new political and social organization for the ethnic groups. In light of this, this study seeks to outline, albeit briefly, this power structure, as well as the political organization that allows for the domination of the territory currently called the Republic of Guinea-Bissau. At the same time, it analyzes the mechanisms that allowed this domination to be maintained during the early 20th century, especially until 1973. The beginning of the 20th century meant, for the Guinean people, the conquest and consolidation of Portuguese domination. However, the end of the Second World War dealt a heavy blow to colonial possessions. The effervescence of the Declaration of Human Rights encouraged debate about the self-determination of peoples, thus demanding a change on the part of the metropolis, Portugal. In view of this, we analyse some articles published in the Boletim Cultural da Guiné Portuguesa between 1954 and 1961; the understanding and use of Gilberto Freyre's thinking by the Portuguese government; and the understanding of Guinea from the perspective of Amílcar Cabral's texts, which were opposed to colonization.