Moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) no Norte de Minas Gerais: infestação e hospedeiros

Abstract

The work was developed in Irrigation Districts located in the municipalities of Jaíba, Janaúba and Nova Porteirinha, both in the northern region of the state of Minas Gerais. The objective was to know and monitor the species of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) existing in the region, their respective hosts and the native parasitoids associated with these hosts. The work was carried out between November of 2016 and November of 2017, by means of fruit collections and the use of McPhail traps, containing 5% corn hydrolyzed protein as food attractant. The fruits collected and the insects obtained from the traps were sent to the Biological Control Laboratory of the State University of Montes Claros - Janaúba Campus. In the laboratory, fruits were weighed, counted, identified and packed in plastic containers for the emergence of adult fruit flies and/or parasitoids. Female specimens of Anastrepha flies obtained from fruits and traps were fixed in 70% alcohol, until species identification. A faunistic analysis was carried out with the species of fruit flies obtained from the fruits and traps. The association between the species of fruit trees and the species of fruit flies and their parasitoids was determined. The population fluctuation of fruit flies and their parasitoids was determined for the period evaluated. Nine species of fruit flies were recorded in the three municipalities covered by the survey, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824), A. dissimilis Stone, 1942, A. distincta Greene, 1934, A. fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830). A. obliqua (Macquart, 1835), A pickeli (Lima, 1934), A. sororcula Zucchi, 1979, A. turpiniae Stone, 1942 and A. zenildae Zucchi, 1979. Of the identified species, for only five was established the relation host-pest. C. capitata was the species with the largest range of hosts. Umbu-cajá, seriguela, umbu, guava and mango Palmer were the fruit trees most infested by fruit flies. The Palmer mango was highly infested and only C. capitata. The greatest populations of this pest occurred between November/2016 and January 2017 and from April/2017 to August/2017, coinciding with the maturation of fruits in mango orchards. Umbu-cajá and umbu were infested only by A. obliqua. The largest population of Anastrepha spp. occurred between December 2016 and May 2017, a rainy season and the fruiting of native fruit trees. C. capitata was the dominant species in the survey, being also the most frequent species. The fruits collected were only parasitoids of the species Doryctobracon areolatus, being associated to five species of native fruit trees.