Desempenho agronômico, qualidade tecnológica e propriedades físicas de grãos de linhagens e cultivares de feijão-caupi

Abstract

The objective was to evaluate agronomic performance, technological quality and physical properties of grains of cowpea genotypes. The field trial was conducted at the Unimontes Experimental Farm, in Janaúba, MG. The assessments of technological quality and physical properties of the grains included 28 genotypes, involving 17 elite lines and 11 cultivars. Part of the assessments related to technological quality was carried out at the Unimontes Phytotechnics Laboratory, Janaúba Campus, and part at the UFV Bean Research Laboratory, in Viçosa, MG. The physical properties of the grains were evaluated at the IFNMG Grain and Seed Storage and Processing Laboratory, in Januária, MG. In the field trial, the beginning of flowering, leaf area index, plant lodging, cultivation value, mass of 100 grains, grain index, pod length and grain yield were evaluated. Regarding technological quality, the mass of 100 grains, the hydration capacity, the percentage of hard grains and the cooking time were evaluated. Regarding the physical properties of the grains, the shape (sphericity and circularity), size (projected area), humidity, hectolitre weight, angle of rest, mass of a thousand grains and porosity of the mass were evaluated. Grain productivity ranged from 312 to 3102 kg ha-1 , with emphasis on the lines Pingode-ouro 1-5-8 (commercial class colors) and MNCO06-901-14 (‘fradinho’ commercial subclass), which remained between the most productive in all evaluated harvests. The cultivars BRS Tumucumaque and BRS Itaim also showed high yields, in addition to low lodging, good cultivation value, mass of 100 grains and grain index. The cultivars BRS Imponente, BRS Novaera, BRS Tumucumaque and BRS Cauamé presented the lowest percentages of hard grains, the shortest cooking time and the shortest time for hydration of the grains. The strains and cultivars studied show sphericity from 68,00 to 79.23% and circularity from 65,00 to 78.44%. BRS Imponente had the largest projected area (84.21 mm2 ), followed by cultivar BRS Novaera (59.68 mm2 ). The humidity varied from 5 to 16%. The strains MNC11-1031E-5, MNC11-1013E-15 and MNC11- 1052E-3 and the cultivars BRS Tumucumaque, BRS Imponente and BRS Xiquexique obtained the highest values for hectoliter weight. The strain MNC11-1018E-17 showed the highest resting angle (57.48°). The mass of a thousand grains varied from 189.37 to 276.87g and the porosity of the mass varied from 56.67 to 73.33%.