Crescimento, desempenho e similaridade de genótipos de bananeira tipo prata tolerantes à fusariose

Abstract

Despite the socioeconomic importance of banana cultivation, Brazilian crops still have low yields, which are often associated with phytosanitary problems, especially diseases. Among the most problematic diseases in the crop, fusariosis stands out, whose main form of control is the use of resistant cultivars. In view of this, the objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and agronomic performance of genotypes tolerant to fusariosis and „Prata-Anã‟. The treatments, four banana genotypes (Gen1, Gen7, Gen13, Gen19) and 'Prata-Anã', and four production cycles (mother - first cycle, daughter - second cycle, granddaughter - third cycle and great-granddaughter - fourth cycle), were arranged in a split-time plot, in a randomized block design with four replications. For growth analysis, in the first production cycle, ten evaluation periods were considered in the subplots (46, 77, 112, 145, 166, 192, 219, 247, 270 and 295 days after planting, DAP). For the agronomic evaluation, the height of the plants in the cluster emission was measured; days between planting and flowering; number of leaves at harvest; leaf area index; total number of cloves and fruits per bunch; length of the central fruit of the 5th branch; bunch weight with stems and without stems; productivity; number of bunches per year and interval between bunches. The growth analysis was performed through adjustments of regression models, while the evaluations of the four cycles occurred through a univariate and multivariate approach, in addition to correlations between characters. The genotypes Gen1, Gen7 and Gen13 showed a growth pattern more similar to „Prata-Anã‟, while the Gen19 genotype showed greater variation compared to the others. In general, it was observed that through univariate analysis, the productive characters were influenced exclusively by the production cycles, with higher values for the second, third and fourth cycles. The multivariate analysis of genotype similarity identified the genotypes Gen1, Gen7, Gen13 as more similar to the 'Prata-Anã'. However, in general, all evaluated genotypes have commercial potential. Yield was positively correlated with all evaluated characters, except for the leaf area index, which showed negative correlations with yield, number of leaves at harvest, plant height, total number of fruits and number of clusters per year.