Mídia, Estado e Crise: agenda e enquadramentos da economia brasileira no Jornal Nacional antes e depois do impeachment da presidenta Dilma Rousseff

Abstract

The brazilian media historically interprets political and economic facts from certain interests and points of view - which is to a certain extent natural, in view of the effective impossibility of neutrality. Closely observed in practical examples, in the reporters' texts, in the transmitted images and in the sources speeches, these interpretations can be very illuminating in the complex relationship between the media, the state and the financial Market. It is in this context that the objective of this work: to analyze the choices and the framings of the main television news program of the country's media - Jornal Nacional, from Rede Globo de Televisão - in the face of the facts of the Brazilian economy and of actions and omissions of the federal governments, in three months before the impeachment of President Dilma Rousseff and three months after the installment of President Michel Temer. Using methodologies of content analysis and discourse analysis, mainly with Valencia Analysis Methodology and with identification of framings, were analysed 248 news of the Jornal Nacional in the considered periods, observing the scheduled subjects, the forms of approach constructed and the points of views privileged. It was identified that the Jornal Nacional conveyed a view contrary to the Dilma government and more balanced in the Temer government, and demonstrated positions aligned with those of the financial market - for example in defense of a radical cut in public spending and the approval of labor and social security reforms, despite majority opinion of the population contrary to these points. It is concluded that the Jornal Nacional, by not opening space to the contradictory, by defending government actions unwanted by the population and by modifying its position faced with the two governments, again, as in other moments of its history, did not respect what it preaches itself Rede Globo and what is expected of a company that uses a public servisse: exemption, openness to the adversary and consideration of public opinion.. In order to study all of that, it is assumed that studies on communication are related to the social sciences as a whole, insofar as they analyze the constructions, interests and contradictions of an actor endowed with strong symbolic power in the conflictive struggle to meaning construction, interpretation of reality and taking positions.