Mobilidade de classe no brasil entre 2003-2015: a influência das políticas de bem-estar social na ascensão da classe C

Abstract

The present study addresses the changes in social stratification in Brazil in the 2000s and 2010s, with a focus on the rise of the classes in poverty to the C economic stratum, known as the "new middle class". The process of upward mobility of this stratum was considered by many scholars as an expression of Brazilian social development in the 21st century. In this context, the study reflects on the existence of a welfare state trait, considering that the public policies adopted were mainly directed towards the lower classes. It was only with the promulgation of the 1988 Constitution that the institutionalization of citizenship with guarantees became possible, which contributed to the attempt to universalize social policies. This universalization subsequently led to upward mobility, especially for the C class, in the 2000s. In this sense, the objective of the study is to verify the relationship between social welfare policies adopted between 2003-2015 and the changes in Brazilian social stratification, with emphasis on the social mobility of classes in poverty (D-E) that ascended to the C class. Methodologically, this descriptive study seeks to deepen the understanding of the relationship between social welfare policies and changes in social stratification through literature review and analysis of statistical data. For this purpose, reflections and comparisons of theories and discussions were made using data from official research agencies such as IBGE, FINBRA, and IPEA. The results indicate that the creation and expansion of social welfare policies were decisive for upward mobility, but despite the progress, they demonstrate that upward mobility through this route is susceptible to contraction during economic crises.