Episódio depressivo em estudantes do ensino médio

Abstract

The depressive picture is a major problem in the world context. This condition reaches more than 300 million people worldwide and can progress to disabling form and in its severe submission to suicide. The depressive episode may manifest itself in different age groups. Among adolescent students, the frequency is high. This research aimed to evaluate the depressive episode in high school from Montes Claros - MG - Brazil. This is a crosssectional, analytical, quantitative approach. The population was composed of high school students from public and private schools of the municipality. Data collection was performed by a team previously trained in the second semester of 2016 and the first semester of 2017.It was used a questionnaire to collect data that covered sociodemographic, school, occupational, lifestyle, socio-affective and of psychic conditions. The depressive episode was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory. To investigate the practice of physical activity, balanced eating consumption, tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption, leisure, sleep, dialogued interaction and affective interaction, the validated "Fantastic Lifestyle" instrument was used. The validated questionnaire 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey was used to assess quality of life. The Internet Addction Test and the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Student Survey were used to investigate Internet addiction and burnout syndrome. Descriptive analyzes of the variables investigated through their frequency distribution were performed. Then, bivariate analyzes were performed using Poisson regression and the variables with a significance level less than 0.20 were selected for the multiple analysis, with a significance level of 5%. 966 students attended to this study. It was verified that 27.1% of the respondents showed a depressive episode associated to the following variables after multiple analysis: in the distal block, female (PR = 1.91, p = 0.005); (PR = 1.30, p = 0.016), poor sleep (PR = 1.40, p = 0.006), unsatisfactory quality of life in the physical domain (RP = 2,86; p< 0,001), to the poor quality of life in the mental domain (PR = 2.86, p < 0.001), to the affective interaction impaired (PR = 1.90, p <0.001). At the proximal level, it was verified that the problematic use of the internet (PR = 1.39, p = 0.020); internet addiction (RR = 1.44, p = 0.041) and the presence of Burnout syndrome (PR = 1.40, p = 0.006) were statistically associated with the depressive episode. This study verified that the depressive episode is present in a representative part of the high school students of the city of Montes Claros and is associated with female sex, alcohol consumption, impaired sleep, unsatisfactory quality of life, impaired affective interaction, to problematic use and addiction on the internet, and to the presence of Burnout syndrome. Actions that contribute to the promotion and protection of students' mental health and enable early screening, diagnosis and treatment are necessary.