Autoimagem corporal negativa em gestantes da atenção primária à saúde de um município do Norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Abstract

This dissertation aimed to estimate the prevalence of negative body image and verify the associated factors among pregnant women assisted in the Family Health Strategy (ESF) in the city of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. This is an epidemiological, cross-sectional, quantitative and analytical study being part of the research entitled "ALGE Study - Assessment of the health conditions of pregnant women in Montes Claros-MG: longitudinal study", developed between October 2018 and November 2019, with the pregnant women assisted by the Family Health (eSF) teams in Montes Claros - Minas Gerais. A questionnaire was used that included socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, obstetrics, social support, sexuality, lifestyle and emotional aspects. The outcome variable was negative body image assessed by the validated instrument Body Attitudes Questionnaire (BAQ). Descriptive analyzes were performed through simple and relative frequencies. Then, bivariate analyzes were performed between the dependent variable and the independent variables, adopting the Poisson regression model with robust variance. Variables with a p-value ≤0.20 were selected for multiple analysis, in which the hierarchical Poisson regression model was used. The study complied with the ethical principles of the Resolution of the National Health Council (CNS) n°466/2012 and was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CEP/Unimontes, n° 1,293,458). Participants or their legal guardians signed the Free and Informed Consent Term (TCLE) or Free and Informed Assent Term (TALE). A total of 1,279 pregnant women participated in this study, most were aged between 21 and 30 years (48.7%), non-white (88.9%) and marital status with a partner (76.7%). The prevalence of negative body image was 47.9% and was associated with the age group 21 to 30 years (PR= 1.25; CI= 1.05-1.48) and over 30 years (PR= 1.30 ;CI= 1.09-1.56); level of education in high school (PR= 1.22; CI= 1.04-1.44); to more advanced gestational age - third trimester (PR=0.82; CI=0.71-0.96), to pregnant women with low weight (PR= 1.71; CI=1.23-2.37) and overweight /obesity (PR=2.92; CI=2.15-3.98) and severe symptoms of depression (PR=0.69; CI=0.59-0.82). It is concluded that pregnant women assisted by the ESF teams showed a high prevalence of negative body image with significant associations with young adult women, low education, more advanced gestational period, altered body mass indexes and severe depressive symptoms. It is hoped that these data can support public strategies to promote gestational health regarding guidance and support during the physiological changes of pregnancy in order to have a positive impact on the maternal and newborn well-being of women assisted in the eSF of Montes Claros-MG.